Serum and 24-Hour Urinary Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Urolithiasis

Abstract

Background:Renal stone disease is a common urologic disorder affecting a large number of patients around the world. Risk factors like anatomical abnormalities and genetic metabolic environmental and dietary parameters have important roles in urinary stone formation. One of its metabolic parameters is uric acid. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of uric acid in serum and 24-hour urine samples of patients with urolithiasis and compare them with healthy general population. Materials and Methods:This was a case-control study performed in the urology clinic of Noor hospital, affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, between February 2009 and July 2010. Patients diagnosed with urolithiasis were enrolled as the case group. Healthy subjects from the general population were recruited as the control group. The patients were referred to the laboratory for checking the serum and 24 hour urinary uric acid levels. Results: Forty five patients with renal stone and 90 healthy controls were enrolled. The level of serum uric acid was significantly higher among the patients (P = 0.003) and male patients had dramatically higher levels than females (P = 0.002); but, the urinary uric acid levels were not significantly different between the cases and the controls or the males and the females. Conclusions: Serum uric acid level may be useful in the screening of renal stones, especially in patients with a positive history of this disease.

Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Milk

“…Several studies have developed electrochemical techniques to determine antioxidant compounds present in milk samples, notably uric acid (UA), which among the low molecular weight antioxidants, is present at the highest concentration in milk (Table ). Uric acid is also the final byproduct of purine metabolisms, which is found in a larger amount in biological samples like plasma and urine (milk < blood < urine). , The variation in uric acid concentration can be obtained by different types of electrodes. , …”

“…Uric acid is also the final byproduct of purine metabolisms, which is found in a larger amount in biological samples like plasma and urine (milk < blood < urine). 149,150 The variation in uric acid concentration can be obtained by different types of electrodes. 118,151 As early as 1991, UA was electrochemically analyzed in different untreated milk samples (pH 6.8), including unpasteurized, pasteurized, ultrahigh temperature (UHT) processed, and reconstituted powdered skim milk; UA produced an anodic peak at around 800 mV vs a SCE electrode at a carbon paste electrode.…”

Hexagonal cobalt oxide nanosheet-based enzymeless electrochemical uric acid sensor with improved sensitivity

“…Uric acid (UA) is a ''natural waste product'' that is produced during digestion of foods that contain purines, and it is eliminated from the body in urine and faeces. 1 However, the UA accumulates in the body when too much is produced or the body fails to excrete it. High UA levels affect the kidneys and the lower extremities.…”

Reduced Phosphorene Quantum Dot Incorporated Flexible Bio-Electronic Device for the Detection of Uric Acid in Real Media

“…This biomarker is reabsorbed through the kidney and is explored as a pathogenic indicator to improve our defense system. The usual level of UA in the blood ranges from 0.14 to 0.4 mmol dm –3 , and in the urine, it ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 mmol dm –3 . However, the fluctuation of UA levels due to the lack of balance between production and excretion causes several diseases like hyperuricemia, which in turn may lead to gout disease, type 2 diabetes, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, hypertension, and renal disorders …”

“…BP has a layered 2D material with a puckered honeycomb structure. Each P atom present in BP is sp 3 hybridized. BP nanosheets are stacked together by van der Waals forces with an interlayer spacing of 0.53 nm.…”