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Endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is identified by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The prevalence of this disease among reproductive-age women is almost 10–15%. High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 have been found in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis and are involved in its pathogenesis. Isolated stromal cells from 12 ectopic and eutopic endometrial biopsies of women with ovarian endometrioma and also 12 endometrial biopsies of nonendometriotic controls were treated with 1.1 µM pyrvinium pamoate, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, for 72 hrs. Before treatment, mRNA gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in ectopic (EESCs) than eutopic (EuESCs) and control (CESCs) endometrial stromal cells. After treatment, mRNA gene expression and also secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly reduced. Our Findings showed that pyrvinium pamoate suppresses the mRNA gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endometriotic stromal cells. Additional investigations on this compound are required before clinical application.

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used for various purposes, such as biomedical, medical, and cosmetic services and research. However, there is a little information about the effects of the nanoparticles on human health. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) on the reproductive organs of mice, such as the testicular tissue and sperm cells. Methods: Twenty-eight male NMRI mice were randomly divided in four groups (N=7). The control group received only a regular diet. The experimental groups were administered FeNP in doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/Kg intraperitoneally (IP), over four days. Epididymal sperm parameters, such as sperm number and motility were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Stereological analysis was also conducted on the histological sections. Results: The results demonstrated that FeNP (300 mg/Kg/day) caused a significant decrease in the sperm parameters, such as motility, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatid, Sertoli, Leydig cells, total length of seminiferous tubules, and testicular interstitial tissue volumes. Conclusion: In summary, FeNP affected several reproductive tissue and cellular parameters at the administered dosage. Further research is required to examine the mechanism of action of FeNP the mice reproductive system.

The protection afforded by melatonin (MLT) against diazinon (DZN)-induced micronucleus formation, an index of DNA damage, in human blood lymphocytes was investigated. Whole blood samples were collected from five volunteers and were incubated with MLT at different concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 µM final concentration) for 1 h. The samples were then incubated with 750 µM DZN for 1 h. Subsequently, the lymphocytes were cultured with a mitogenic stimulant to evaluate micronucleus formation in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. The incubation of lymphocytes with DZN induces additional genotoxicity. Pretreatment with MLT at these doses significantly reduced the micronucleus frequency in cultured lymphocytes (p < 0.05-p < 0.0001). The maximum decrease in the frequency of micronuclei was observed at 400 µM of MLT, which caused a reduction of 87%. MLT also exhibited an excellent and dose-dependent radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. Our study revealed that MLT has a potent antigenotoxic effect against DZN-induced DNA damage, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status. Because MLT is a natural compound and is considered safe, it can be used as a supplement to protect people exposed to chemical or environmental hazards.