Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh, menganalisis pengaruh aglomerasi industri, dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif Tipologi Klassen dan analisis regresi data panel dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS). Hasil identifikasi kabupaten/ kota yang konsisten berada di klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh dalam kurun waktu tahun 2009-2013, yaitu Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta, dan Kota Semarang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi industri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat dan cepat tumbuh berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. This study aims to identify the classification of the area fast forward and fast-growing, analyze the effect of industrial agglomeration, the balance funds, HDI, and area classification fast forward and fast-growing against the disparity of development districts/ cities in Central Java province. This research using descriptive analysis Typology Klassen and panel data regression analysis with the method of Generalized Least Square (GLS). The results of the identification of districts/ cities that are in the area classification consistently fast forward and fast-growing in the period 2009-2013, namely Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta and Kota Semarang. The results of this study indicate that the industrial agglomeration effect on positive and significant, while the balance funds, HDI, and the classification of fast and fast-growing regions a significant negative effect on the development disparity districts/ cities in Central Java province.

The regional autonomy positively impacts regional development in terms of competitiveness. Each area tries to have advantage from other areas. One of the parameters of city competitiveness is the concept of sustainable cities. This study aims to identify cities based on sustainable urban development indices in six urban agglomeration area of Semarang: Semarang city, Semarang regency, Kendal regency, Grobogan regency, Demak regency and Salatiga city. Methods of data collection with questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Respondents in this study were the general public, policy makers, and academics. The results showed, based on the sustainable urban development index of the Sustainable Urban Development Indonesia Forum, six districts in urban agglomeration area of Semarang are categorized as less sustainable in 2016. The regencies in the urban agglomeration areas of Semarang indicate the index result of 103,00 - 127,83. The average contribution of the urban leadership, the urban governance, the urbanization and population, the housing and settlements variables are high, while the disaster risk and the climate change, the waterfront areas, the mass transportation, the local economy and informal sector, the preservation of cultural Heritage, the natural heritage and the local Wisdom, the green Open Spaces, the emissions and energy variable are still low.

Economic development as a process of improving people's welfare in a country can also lead the declining of the environment quality. The degradation of the environment can be caused by the energy consumption required in the development process, as well as pollution. The main purpose of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of energy consumption and economic growth toward environmental quality which is measured by environmental quality index. This study employs the econometric model of panel data of 34 provinces in Indonesia along 2011-2016. The study finds the long-term relationship between energy consumption and economic growth on environmental quality in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of industry on the water quality index, air quality index, land cover quality index, population health complaints, and gross domestic product. This study uses quantitative methods with panel data, which is a combination of cross section data from 30 provinces in Indonesia and time series for the period 2013-2017. The analytical method used is structural equation model-partial least squares. The results showed that the industry had a significant negative effect on the water quality index, air quality index, and land cover quality index. While the industry has a significant positive effect on population health complaints and gross domestic product. The conclusion from this study is that the industry is more likely to have a negative impact on the environment and social, while the positive impact is more likely to affect the economy. Advice for the government is the need for industrial development efforts accompanied by improvements in environmental quality to maintain system balance.

The alarming trend of CO2 emissions in Indonesia merits a reinvestigation into the determinants in a bid to conserve the environment. In the literature, in Indonesia, three potential determinants, namely, energy, foreign direct investment, and corruption, have been identified to harm the environment. However, their effects are still undetermined. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationships between corruption (COR), energy use (ENY), foreign direct investment (FDI), and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach was used to analyse data for 36 years, from 1984 to 2020. The results reveal that corruption contributes to greater environmental degradation in the short run, while foreign direct investment does not. However, in the long run, corruption and energy use can positively affect environmental degradation, but foreign direct investment can reduce environmental degradation in Indonesia. This study also found two other factors, namely, economic growth and urbanisation, which can affect the environment with mixed findings. These findings are indispensable for policy formulation in Indonesia as Indonesia is a rapidly developing country that depends on good environmental quality to ensure future growth and sustainable development.