Foot massage is considered one of the essential complementary modalities that became an issue of concern in critical care settings, it is non-invasive, simple to use, less expensive, and produces few risks or complications. This research aimed to determine the effect of foot massage on pain severity,hemodynamic parameters, and the length of mechanical ventilation weaning time among patients in critical care settings. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used in three intensive care units affiliated with Mansoura Emergency Hospital.A convenience sample of 62 critically ill patients was enrolled and chosen at random to the foot massage group and the control group. Data were collected using the patients' demographic, and health-relevant data; the hemodynamic parameters assessment sheet, mechanical ventilator weaning time, andthe behavioral pain scale tool. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in comparison to the control group and the foot massage group regarding pain score, and hemodynamic parameters at (P <0.05). Additionally, statistically significant variations in the length of MV weaning period between the two study groups were detected at (P=0.036). Conclusion:In critical care settings, foot massage is a useful strategy for reducing pain intensity, stabilising hemodynamic parameters, and reducing patients'dependence on ventilators.Recommendation: The study recommended that foot massage can be introduced as an auxiliary intervention to conventional nursing care for critically ill patients.

Background: Care of patients with burn includes resuscitating fluid and electrolyte in order to reach the balanced level which consider the key components to achieve the optimal outcomes of patient care. Maintaining safety of patients with burn is one aspect of nursing care that involve the accuracy of fluid and electrolyte resuscitation, particularly among patients who needing intensive care. In critical care and departmental settings, nurses respond to the needs of patients with burn utilizing the evidence-based nursing practice. As a result, the nurse needs to be aware of and react accurately to fluid and electrolyte resuscitation among that group of patients. Aim: the aim of the study, was to evaluate the effect of implementing fluid and electrolyte resuscitation educational package on nurses' performance and outcomes of patients with burn. Design: a quasi-experimental research design (pre-and posttest design) was utilize in the current study. Setting: The study was carried out at Mansoura University Hospitals' Plastic and Reconstructive Burn Center. Subjects: A convenience sample of 45 nurses who are working in burn department and ICUs in the previously mention setting, A convenient sampling of 45 Patients that had been admitted to the burn departments and ICUs were included in the study subject. Results: according to the current study finding complications of fluid and electrolyte imbalance reduced post educational package implementation compared to the baseline data with significance p-value (0=006). As well, the nurses knowledge scoring level and the observed practices scores were improved than they had been before, with highly statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The implementation of fluid and electrolyte resuscitation educational package had positive effect on improving nurses' performance with satisfactory outcomes among patients with burn. Recommendation: Educational package should be applied for all nurses to optimize their performance on fluid and electrolyte resuscitation among patients with burn.

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) reported having trauma that is commonly linked to the ICU environment. Using a psychosocial approach in the ICU helps to reduce ICU trauma. Aim: To determine the relationship between psychosocial care and ICU trauma among patients underwent open-heart surgery. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional research design was followed in the current study. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 130 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. The study was conducted at a Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit and a vascular surgery center. Tools of data collection included tool I: Health profile assessment tool which included two parts, patients' socio-demographic interview schedule, and patients' health-relevant data, tool II: ICU psychosocial care scale, and tool III: ICU trauma scale. Results: 76.2% of the studied patients had higher levels of ICU trauma and 23.8% had lower levels of ICU trauma. Also, the mean ± SD of the total psychosocial care was 49.03 ± 9.21. Conclusion: There is a negative statistically significant relationship between psychosocial care variables and ICU trauma.

Background: Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) reported having trauma that is commonly linked to the ICU environment. Using a psychosocial approach in the ICU helps to reduce ICU trauma. Aim: To determine the relationship between psychosocial care and ICU trauma among patients underwent open-heart surgery. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional research design was followed in the current study. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 130 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. The study was conducted at a Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit and a vascular surgery center. Tools of data collection included tool I: Health profile assessment tool which included two parts, patients' socio-demographic interview schedule, and patients' healthrelevant data, tool II: ICU psychosocial care scale, and tool III: ICU trauma scale. Results: 76.2% of the studied patients had higher levels of ICU trauma and 23.8% had lower levels of ICU trauma. Also, the mean ± SD of the total psychosocial care was 49.03 ± 9.21. Conclusion: There is a negative statistically significant relationship between psychosocial care variables and ICU trauma.

Background: Critically ill children often connected with many tubes and lines. Physical restrain routinely implemented in critical care unit to reduce child's self-injury and improve safety. Therefore, the current study conducted to improve pediatric critical care nurses' knowledge and practice regarding restraint application and children's outcomes. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi-experimental non-randomized intervention design pre-posttest one-group was utilized. Subjects: A convenience sample of 43 nurses working in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) at Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH) affiliated to Mansoura University, Egypt was recruited in the present study. Results: The current study showed that nurses take the decision of restrain without parents' permission or participation. Sedation is the alternative to physical restrain in PICUs as reported by nurses. The most common health problem among children is respiratory problem and the prevalence of restraint related complications reduced post intervention phase compared to baseline data. In addition, there is an improvement in the total level of knowledge. Reported and observed practices post intervention also, were improved as compared to pre intervention with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The current study concluded that, the training program application is the best approach to improve knowledge and practices regarding using of physical restraint and reducing restraint related complications among children. Recommendation: Documentation system that includes physical and chemical restraint assessment and evaluation and restraint related complication documentation is mandatory.