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In Nigeria, before 2017 the most recent case of human monkeypox had been reported in 1978. By mid-November 2017, a large outbreak caused by the West African clade resulted in 146 suspected cases and 42 laboratory-confirmed cases from 14 states. Although the source is unknown, multiple sources are suspected.

Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns.

Background: Contraceptive use is important to promoting women's health and protecting their rights. It has been shown to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Aim: The study aimed at determining the level of awareness, utilization, preferred methods of contraceptives and factors affecting contraceptive use among female traders of Jos south Local government area of Plateau state. Materials and methods: The study was a cross sectional descriptive study that was carried out among female traders within reproductive age group who were not pregnant and consented for the study. Data was generated using a semi-structured interviewer's administered questionnaire. Result: Two hundred and twelve women were interviewed, their ages ranged from 15-49 years with a mean age of 30+ 3.72. Majority (69.3%) were married. The level of awareness of modern contraceptives was high (93.4%) and the most popular contraceptive methods were male condom (95.5%), injectable (87.4%) and oral contraceptives pills (85.9%) while the unpopular methods were female condom (40.4%), cervical diaphragm (17.5%), cervical cap (12.1%) and spermicides (12.6%). The prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization was 51.9% while 102 (48.1%) were not using any form of contraceptives. Factors found to be associated with contraceptive use among the female traders included marital status (p<0.0001), religion (p<0.0001), education (p=0.048) and parity (p=0.0003). Conclusion: The use of modern contraceptives has remained low despite the high level of awareness of the modern contraceptives among the female traders. Health education on the importance of the use of modern contraceptives should be given to female traders to encourage the use among them.

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