Hazardous wastes are substances that are no longer needed and have no current or perceived value at a given time or place. Many of the materials used or produced in chemical processes possess hazardous properties. The key hazardous wastes sources include industrial, medical, and household wastes, and occur in solid, liquid, or gaseous states. These are wastes that are classified and/or have intrinsic or inbuilt chemical and physical distinctiveness of toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, and reactivity. Managing hazardous wastes is of immense significance to human, economic, social and environmental health conditions. Hazardous wastes management practice in Nigeria is not in consonance with the best global practices. Many hazardous wastes are dumped indiscriminately, which constitutes hazard to the environment and posed public health concerns. This study analysed the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of hazardous wastes management in Nigeria. There are various environmental regulations on hazardous wastes in the country, but implementation remains a challenge, as such there is need for more proactive measures to be taken towards sustainable solutions to the problems.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the effect of Urban Expansion on Land Use/Cover Change in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imageries of 1986, 2000and 2014 respectively, were used. The imageries were processed using ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 software. A supervised classification approach using maximum likelihood classifier and Transition Change Analysis were carried out using IDRISSI 17.0 Selva Edition version. Results from the analysis revealed that increase in built-up area resulted to changes in other land use/cover categories between 1986 and 2014. Built up area was 20.4% in 1986 and increased to 28.4% in 2000. Further increase was witnessed in built up area to about 38.2% in 2014. The results further revealed that about 7.2% bare surfaces changed into built-up from 1986-2014. About 14.8% of cultivated land changed into built-up from 1986-2014. Vegetation witnessed a remarkable changes into built-up of about 4.5% from 1986-2014. There is need for Jigawa State Government to equip the planning authorities and other ministries involved in decision making with adequate spatial data to ensure broad based decisions. Land use suitability analysis of the study area is also recommended.

Improper treatment during recycling of e-waste materials by means of open burning is on the rise which has led to increase in air pollution. This study looked at heavy metal concentrations, concentration in relation to threshold values and assessment of risk for non-carcinogenic and cancer risk threat. MP-AES 4210 series instrument of Agilent technology, USA was used in analyzing the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Pb) concentration. The result of the analysis at Kuka Bulukiya treatment point revealed Pb has the highest mean concentration of 0.0693 ppm, Cu 0.0525 ppm and Cd having 0.0042 ppm. The mean concentration at PRP G/Ruwa for Cd was found to be 0.0059 ppm, Cu was 0.0363 ppm and Pb was 0.049 ppm respectively. The result of the adult and children population calculated shows that the HQ and HI values are not up to 1 in all the pathways (inhalation, ingestion, and dermal) at both treatment points (1.2 10 -4 and 9.8 10 -5 ) and (6.4 10 -4 and 5.9 10 -4 ) respectively. The cancer risk for Kuka Bulukiya 6 10 -10 and PRP G/Ruwa 5 10 -10 for adults and 7 10 -10 and 4 10 -10 for children were both lower than the threshold set for cancer risk by United States Environmental Protection Agency. This meant that both adults and children were not at risk of cancer and non-carcinogenic threat based on the assessment in this study. The study concluded that informal e-waste burning has substantially helped in the relatively high levels of air pollution identi ed in the treatment points and in turn posed environmental and public health concerns to people around the area. Climate change adaptation has to do with an environmentally friendly method of dismantling, extracting, refurbishing and recycling of valuable materials that should be at the forefront of policies that will be speci cally enacted on e-waste management in developing countries. If not the adverse effects on the environment, humans (damage reproductive, nervous system, kidney, liver, heart and also lead to birth defects and diseases) and animals will be enormous. Government should identify a suitable location for e-waste collection and treatment points to avert the danger posed to the agricultural practices at PRP G/Ruwa treatment point and the pond at Kuka Bulukiya treatment point. Samples of the vegetable products at PRP G/Ruwa treatment point should be investigated immediately and adequate restrictions and regulations should be enacted and enforced in order to safeguard the environment and the populace. There is need for caution from the authorities to avert the possible implications (e-waste extractors and the public) of being affected with non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic ailments over time.

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In recent years, Nigeria is witnessing increasing frequency of flood occurrence with devastating impact translating into significant loss of lives (in Nigeria, over 300 people died in September 2022) and properties. Addressing flood disaster requires holistic approach from policy and governance perspectives, integration of policies and programs and synergies between institutions. Using synergies and eliminating trade-offs, flood governance and policy coherence integrate all relevant policy fields and institutions to achieve common policy outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine and understand how flood governance and policy coherence are approached, as well as institutional design and implementation for coherence in Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is no single flood policy in Nigeria. Due to this, there is no focus and no defined objectives for flood governance, prevention, control, and management, and no imperative for the government to seek both short-term and long-term flood solutions. There is no synergy and coordination among institutions for flood governance in the country. Since the country established the federal ministry of environment in 1999, the environment, floods, and climate-related hazards were given less priority. State and local governments handle most flood disasters and emergencies. Federal assistance is provided, however, when flood disasters exceed the capabilities of local and state governments. This study recommends that across the country, flood policy needs to be designed, formulated, and implemented while assigning governance responsibility and decentralizing policy to state and local governments.