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The effect of quenching of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [R~(bpy)3~+] luminescence by C0(phen)3~+ in various locations in and on bentolite-H clay has been investigated. Ru(bpy)32+ incorporated into the interlayer region of bentolite-H by ion exchange exhibited spectral properties that were distinct from the R~(bpy)3~' incorporated by incipient wetness methods. For example, the samples showed different diffraction, luminescence emission, and lifetime decays. The method of preparation, the nature of counterion (chloride or cyanide), and the presence of a quencher [ C~( p h e n )~~+ ] influence the emission properties. For example, incipient wetness methods allow deposition on outer surfaces (OUT) of the clay whereas ion-exchange leads to deposition primarily in the interlayer spacing (IN) based on spectroscopic and diffraction data. The luminescence intensities and lifetimes decrease in the order Ru(0UT) > Ru(IN) > Ru(OUT)/Co(IN) > Ru(IN)/ Co(0UT) > Ru(OUT)/Co(OUT) Ru(IN)/Co(IN). Different methods of preparation and treatment result in location of R~( b p y ) 3~+ at different internal or external sites in the clay which give different luminescence and lifetime properties. By controlling the locations of Ru(I1) and Co(II1) (inside or outside), the quenching rates could be modulated. The location of the Ru(I1) complex seems to control both the photophysical properties and the efficiency and rate of quenching by Co(II1). The Ru(1N) and Co(1N) sample is very similar to the Ru(0UT) and Co(0UT) sample. These two samples are considerably different from the Ru(IN)/Co(OUT) sample and the Ru(OUT)/Co(IN) sample.

Biodiesel is one of alternative fuels. Biodiesel can be made from coconut oil and is referred to as cocodiesel. Thisresearch studies the optimum condition of cocodiesel production by methanolysis reaction between coconut oiland methanol using heterogen catalyst of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is calcined for 1.5 hours at 900oC. In order toget optimum condition, several experimental parameters are applied such as catalyst concentration 1-3 %-wt andmolar ratio of methanol/coconut oil 4:1-12:1. The optimum condition obtained from this experimental as follow:catalyst concentration was 2%, molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil was 8:1 at 600C, produced the higgest conversionof cocodiesel 75.02%. The cocodiesel meet the requirement of Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) specifications.Based on data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel. SNI Biodisel is density (40 0C) 850-890Kg/m3,kinematic viscosity (40 0C) 2,3-6,0 mm2/s, cetane number min 51, iod number max 115 gr iod/100 gram,moisture content max 0,05 % volum, acid number max 0,8 mg KOH/g, flash point min 100 0C.

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