The rapidly growing number of people who find work via online labor platforms are not employees, nor do they necessarily fit traditional conceptualizations of independent contractors, freelancers, or the selfemployed. The ambiguous nature of their employment status and its implications for worker well-being have attracted substantial controversy, but to date most empirical research in this area has focused on the market efficiency of a single platform rather than on workers themselves and related human resource management issues. Research progress will require understanding how online labor platform work differs from other types of nonstandard employment arrangements, as well as critical differences across different labor platform firms in how work and workers are managed. This paper proposes a conceptual classification framework to facilitate research on the attitudes, experiences, and outcomes of workers who use these platforms. We explore how labor platform firms' operational choices shape how control is allocated across workers, clients, and the firm, and how they influence workers' autonomy, incentives, and degree of economic dependence on the firm. Implications for theory development, research, and managing worker-firm relations are discussed.
The initial tumor classification is a clinical predictor for patients' overall and disease-free survival and overall survival after recurrence. Multimodal treatment significantly improves patients' overall survival.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of death and disability all over the world. The increasing prevalence of CAD as well as its high economic cost makes it a serious health problem in Iran. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of gender differences on healthy lifestyle measures among patients with CAD. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 412 patients with CAD (239 men and 173 women) were selected between January 2015 and June 2015. Data were collected by demographic characteristic forms and a healthy lifestyle questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with appropriate statistical tests. Results: There was no significant difference in age, blood pressure, and cholesterol between the two genders (P = 0.573, P = 0.092, P = 0.438). Men were more educated than women (P = 0.000), and had higher levels of low-density lipoprotein and high-density
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