Abstrak Banyaknya peluang kerja dari luar negeri yang ditawarkan untuk perawat Indonesia perlu diimbangi dengan kejelasan informasi tentang tahapan penempatan perawat ke luar negeri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tahapan sebelum penempatan sampai dengan penempatan ke negara tujuan beserta kendala yang dihadapi agar calon perawat yang akan bekerja ke luar negeri memiliki gambaran alurnya dan dapat mengantisipasi kendala yang mungkin timbul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Informan adalah perwakilan Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS) di Jakarta dan perawat di Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur yang pernah bekerja pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di luar negeri. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan analisis data dimulai dari telaah data, reduksi data, kategorisasi data dan menginterpretasikan data. Tahapan perawat bekerja ke luar negeri secara umum dimulai dari tahap pendaftaran, tes tertulis, tes wawancara, tes kesehatan, proses matching, tes kesehatan, pembekalan akhir pemberangkatan, dan penempatan di tempat kerja di luar negeri. Persyaratan administrasi dalam tahap pendaftaran bisa berubah/berbeda setiap tahun. Kendala yang dihadapi saat bekerja di luar negeri adalah culture shock, kurangnya kemampuan bahasa, dan rasa bosan. Sebaiknya lama pelatihan/pembekalan dikaji kembali, perawat perlu memaksimalkan proses matching dengan user untuk mendapatkan informasi gambaran pekerjaan, dan perlunya kejelasan komitmen dari perawat agar mereka bisa mengaktualisasikan diri untuk mengurangi rasa bosan. Kata kunci: Penempatan, tahapan, kendala, luar negeri, perawat Abstract The large number of overseas employment opportunities offered to Indonesian nurses needs to be balanced with clear information about the stages of placement nurses abroad. The purpose of this study is to determine the stages before placement until placement to the destination country along with the obstacles faced so that prospective nurses who will work abroad have a picture of the stages and can anticipate obstacles that may arise. This research is a qualitative research. The informants were Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS) representatives in Jakarta and nurses in Jakarta, West Java and East Java who have worked in health service facilities abroad. Data is collected through in-depth interviews and data analysis starting from data examine, data reduction, data categorization and data interpretation. Stages of nurses working abroad generally start from the registration stage, written test, interview test, medical test, matching processes, medical test, final debriefing on departure, and placement in workplaces abroad. The administrative requirements in the registration stage can change/differ every year. The obstacles faced when working abroad are culture shock, lack of language skills, and feeling bored. It is recommended that the length of training/debriefing be reviewed, nurses need to maximize the matching process with the user to get job description information, and the need for clarity of commitment from nurses so that they can actualize themselves to reduce boredom. Keywords: Placement, stages, obstacle, overseas, nurse
Abstrak Pemerintah Kabupaten Tabalong Kalimantan Selatan menerapkan pelayanan kesehatan gratis di Puskesmas melalui program Jaminan Tabalong Sehat (JTS) sejak tahun 2008. Peserta JTS adalah seluruh penduduk Tabalong yang tidak memiliki asuransi atau jaminan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dan wawancara mendalam. Sampel uji sebanyak 253 rumah tangga sasaran program JTS, diambil dari 405 sampel rumah tangga yang dipilih secara sistematik, dari klaster 15 desa/kelurahan di tiga wilayah puskesmas terpilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan gratis di puskesmas belum optimal. Sebanyak 52% rumah tangga pernah memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan puskesmas dalam setahun terakhir. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas adalah pengetahuan, kemauan untuk membayar/WTP, adanya penyakit tertentu, waktu tempuh, kemudahan dan biaya transportasi. Rendahnya pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di puskemas yang sudah digratiskan disebabkan karena kurang optimalnya kegiatan puskesmas, kurangnya sosialisasi ke masyarakat dan sasaran masyarakat yang disubsidi kurang tepat. Kata kunci: Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, Puskesmas, Subsidi, Tabalong Abstract Government of Tabalong District have been giving free health care subsidies at public health centre (PHC) through Tabalong Health Security (Jaminan Tabalong Sehat /JTS) program since 2008. Targetting of JTS program are all of Tabalong citizens that have not covered by health insurance or other health security programs. The objective of this research was to know the factors that related with utilization of health services at PHC in Tabalong District. Approach of this research were cross sectional design and deep interview. Sampels were 253 targetting household taken form 405 household that selected by systematic random from 15 villages cluster at three selected PHC areas. The result showed that utilization of free health services subsidies were not optimize yet. Just 52% of household utilized health services at PHC in the last year. The factors that related with health services utilization at PHC are knowledge, willingness to pay (WTP), diseases avalaibility, travelling time, easiness and cost of transportation. The low rates utilization of free health care were also caused by un-optimize of PHC’s activities, lack of promotion the JTS programs, not matching of subsidies targetting. Keywords: Health services utilization, public health centre, subsidy, Tabalong
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