Background: Chronic liver disease is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis chronic liver disease refers to disease of the liver which had lasted over a period of 6 months. This study was conducted to evaluate the D-dimer levels among Sudanese patients with Chronic Liver Diseases. Materials and Method: In IbnSina hospital, Khartoum state, Sudan, a case control study was conducted. For this study, 100 participants were selected, 70 of them were patients known diagnosed by chronic liver diseases as a test group. Other 30 participants were normal healthy individual as control group. The plasma D-dimer level was measured by using MINDRAY auto analyzer BS 380). Results: In this study, the plasma D-dimer level has statistically significantly higher in chronic liver diseases patients (mean ± SD 0.634 ± 0.215 ug/l) compared to normal healthy control group (mean ± SD 0.223 ± 0.077 ug/l) with P value 0.000. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the D-dimer levels were statistically significant higher in chronic liver diseases patients.

In Sudan, sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the most common inherited disorders of hemoglobin that has complications and becomes world problem. Nigella sativa NS (black seed) has been reported to have calcium antagonist and antioxidant activities, both of which play a role in the management of sickle cell anemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate of the anti-sickling activity of the NS extracts, forty patients with sickle cell anemia were recruited for the study. A total of 3ml of venous blood was collected from each patient after obtaining the consent and the ethical approval, the blood was treated with Nigella sativa (NS) extract, and sickling test was performed. Descriptive study and p-values were used, and the correlation was evaluated, data was analyzed by SPSS. Recent study found that the sickling test after treating blood with Nigella sativa extract showed a negative result in 75% of patients and a 25% of patients showed persistently positive sickling test result. The anti-sickling effect in relation to various hemoglobin concentration, gender and age group showed p values of 0.007, 0.672 and 0.853 respectively indicating significant relationship with Hb concentration. Our study concluded that the fixed oil extract from Nigella sativa has an in-vitro anti-sickling activity on patients with SCA and this finding could indicate the use of this extract in treatment.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a four-carbon amino acid with a free thiol group, which is formed by demethylation of methionine, together with the help of some vitamins (B12, B6 and folate

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