There has been a decline in the mortality rate among infants and children under five years of age in the last decade in many developing countries. This has led to a shift in focus to look beyond survival to the prevention or reduction of impairment and promotion of children's health. With the apparent rise in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the Arab countries the development of an Arabic tool for early diagnosis and intervention was sought as part of an effort to better understand the prevalence of this disorder. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) was chosen. The study was conducted in nine Arabic speaking countries. The final analysis included 228 children (122 screened positive for ASD). The sensitivity (0.86), the specificity (0.80) and positive predictive value (0.88) were very similar to Robins et al. study (2001). Maternal health problems during pregnancy and labour were found to be more significant for ASD mothers than their control. In addition, child health problems were more evident among ASD subjects as reported by their parents with significant differences from controls. The limitation of the study is that the sample size is not large enough to generalize the results to all countries of the region. The strength of the study is that it is the first known study where Arab countries undertook a collaborative mental health study using the same tool for screening for a specific disorder.

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The in-vitro anticancer activity of Egyptian propolis ethanol extract as well as two isolated flavonoidal aglycones, tectochrysin and quercetin-3,3'-di-O-methylether,was assayed using neutral red uptake method on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines, in addition to their in-vitro cytotoxic effect to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Egyptian propolis ethanol extract and quercetin-3,3'-di-O-methylether showed both high activity and selectivity towards the two tested cell lines suggesting them as effective, safe and selective anticancer candidates against both breast and colorectal cancer.