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Congenitally missing teeth and/or hypodontia is a prevalent dental anomaly. There are different treatment options available for these conditions such as space maintenance, restoring the space by resin-bonded-fixed-partial-dentures (RBFPDs), and dental implants. This study addresses the comprehensive treatments for congenitally missing tooth and diastema using interdisciplinary approaches. One patient was treated with small-diameter-implants and the other one was treated using an intraoral scanner to make digital impression and fabricating RBFPDs with CAD/CAM system. Both patients were completely satisfied.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of root biomodification by citric acid and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with LED and laser on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 60 single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease. The teeth underwent scaling and root planing (SRP), and then 5 × 5 mm blocks were prepared from the cervical area of the teeth 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The blocks were divided into 4 groups (n=15 blocks): SRP alone (control), SRP + citric acid, SRP + toluidine blue (TBO) + LED light, and SRP + TBO + laser. HGFs were seeded on the surface of the samples, and the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Group comparisons were performed using repeated measures ANOVA, while pairwise comparisons of the time points were performed by an LSD test. Results: Cell proliferation was higher in all experimental groups at 48 and 72 hours, compared with 24 hours (P<0.05). Cell proliferation was significantly different in the citric acid group at 24 hours (P=0.016) and 48 hours (P=0.015), compared with other groups. However, cell proliferation was not significantly different in the aPDT group with LED Photosan and a diode laser at 24 and 48 hours (P>0.05). Conclusion: aPDT and citric acid can enhance the proliferation of HGFs on dentin blocks. Further studies can pave the way for their future use in the clinical setting.

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The restoration of endodontically treated teeth should reestablish its form and function. To restore these weakened teeth, reconstruction of lost tooth structure is performed using a single material or a combination of available materials. The retention is the most important single factor that affect the prognosis of a post retained restoration. There are so many factors that affect the retention of metal posts and this study will review the effect of main ones.