Background: Trauma represents a major challenge worldwide and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young population. There is significant change in trauma related injuries due to urbanization, motorization, industrialization and the socioeconomic changes in India. Road traffic accidents (RTA) pose the largest threat to human lives and have become the number one public hazard all across the world causing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to find out the demographics and to determine the injury pattern of surgical trauma cases presenting to this tertiary care zonal hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care zonal hospital from June 2018 to December 2018. Data was collected for 105 patients presented with trauma in surgical emergency centre of this hospital were included in the study which excluded only orthopaedic trauma cases. The data collected was analysed.Results: Out of 105, 76 (72.38%) were male and 29 (27.61%) were female with 21 (20%) in the 31-40 age group. The average age of cases was 40.2 years.  RTA was the major cause of trauma i.e. (77.14%) followed by accidental fall and slips (18.09%) and assaults (4.76%). Contusion was the common injury sustained (45.71%) followed by laceration (38.09%), abrasion (35.23%) and fracture (17.14%).Conclusions: There is a need for trauma registries which can help to formulate strategies towards decreasing the burden of trauma and improved outcomes at hospital as well as in public health.

AimCommon Yoga Protocol (CYP) is a standardized yoga protocol authored by experts from all over the world under the aegis of the Ministry of AYUSH, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homeopathy (AYUSH). The potential of CYP can be determined as a cost-effective lifestyle modification to prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD).MethodsIn this prospective trial, we compared the effect of CYP at baseline and after 1 month. A total of 374 yoga-naïve participants performed CYP under the supervision of experienced trainers. Physiological [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, percent oxygen saturation], biochemical (fasting blood glucose and lipid profile), and neurocognitive parameters were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsAt day 30 of yoga practice, serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were found significantly improved as compared to the baseline levels observed at the time of enrollment. Similarly, the lipid profile was also obtained from experienced trainers and found to be significantly different from those of yoga-naïve volunteers. When the intervention was compared between the healthy yoga-naïve participants with yoga-naïve participants suffering from medical issues, it was found that cholesterol profile improved significantly in the healthy-naive group as compared to the diseased group (hypertension, diabetes, underwent surgery, and CVD).ConclusionThese results highlight the need for further research to better understand the effects of yoga on the primary prevention of CVD.

Background: Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901 and Rh factor in 1940, since then, scientists searched for an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system of patients. ABO blood groups have been shown to be associated not only with various diseases but also with metabolic process. Objective: This study was done to determine if there is any significant correlation between ABO-Rh and cholelithiasis. Materials and Methods: This is hospital-based prospective observational study in which 360 patients with ultrasonography proven symptomatic cholelithiasis, belonging to different socioeconomic conditions and various geographical locations of India, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy formed the study population. The ABO Rh of the 360 patients was done by standard agglutination technique in blood bank of department of pathology. For statistical analysis data were enter into the MS Excel sheet. Results: Cholelithiasis was predominant in females (85%) than males. Age group of 51–60 years has the maximum number of patients. Blood group “O” has maximum number of cholelithiasis patients (69.6%) followed blood group “B” (37.2%). Among blood group “O” Rh positive had numerous stone of cholesterol type, followed by blood group “B” Rh positive. Conclusion: In this study, incidence of cholelithiasis was maximum in the blood group “O” Rh positive with the cholesterol stones as the predominant type of stone. These results has not corroborated with the existing literature, suggesting variability. A large prospective study could potentially reveal if any correlation exists and this could open the doorway to future research on the etiologies of gall stone diseases.

Background: Prostate enlargement encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from benign to malignant. For diagnostic prostatic biopsies no clear prostate specific antigen (PSA) threshold level exists. The study correlates PSA with various clinical data (age of patient, international prostate severity score (IPSS), digital rectal examination (DRE) finding), radiological data (prostate volume) and pathological data (Gleason grade, prostate cancer stage) to aid decision making on treatment of prostate enlargement.Methods: 101 men aged more than 50 years with fresh LUTS and grade 1 or more prostate enlargement on DRE were enrolled. They were worked up with transabdominal ultrasonography, serum PSA and prostate biopsy (when indicated). A descriptive statistical analysis was done for correlation by applying Pearson’s Chi square test for significance.Results: Mean serum PSA value was found to increase with age and higher IPSS score. Mean serum PSA levels were found to rise with grade of prostatomegaly. No significant correlation was seen between serum PSA values and Gleason grade or clinical stage of prostate cancer.Conclusions: Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with age. With increasing age there is increase in serum PSA levels. Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with International prostate symptom severity scoring. Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with prostate size measured by trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Serum PSA levels does not show significant correlation with Gleason score or clinical stage of prostate cancer.