Introduction: Emergency head computed tomography (CT) is rising exponentially during off working hours due to evidence-based medicine, patient’s expectation and desires, easy availability and apprehension of medico-legal cases, thereby raising health-care cost. There is huge gap in demand and supply of radiologist, especially during off working hours. There is need to know the pattern of emergency head findings. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all emergent noncontrast CT head during off working hours in the Department of Radiodiagnosis of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai, India, which were performed from June 2017 to May 2018. CT findings of 308 patients were analyzed. Results: About 63.6% of total head CT showed no significant abnormality. The most common abnormality was intracranial hemorrhage which was just 9.1% followed by acute infarct which was 6.2%. Extradural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage was only 1% each of total head CT findings. No significant abnormality was detected in 74.65%, 70.21%, 89.13%, 31.37%, 100%, and 69.09% in cases of head injury, seizure, giddiness/dizziness/syncope, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, and altered sensorium, respectively. Conclusion: Pattern analysis of emergent head CT reveals that most of the emergent CT head shows no significant abnormality. There is a need for stringent guidelines for emergent head CT, training of emergency physician as well as CT technician for common findings to bridge the radiologist demand-supply gap for providing effective health care in peripheral hospitals.

No abstract

Background: Ultrasonography (USG) remains the primary modality for fetal imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a suitable adjunct to USG. MRI is currently not used as a primary screening tool for antenatal period; however, it provides a reproducible fetal anatomy and can be more informative when the diagnosis on antenatal USG is inconclusive. Aim of the study was to study the contribution of antenatal USG and MRI in diagnosing fetal anomalies at a zonal hospital.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study enrolling the pregnant women between 13 to 35 weeks of gestation. The 30 consecutive fetuses suspected to have fetal anomaly on USG, were subjected to MRI after obtaining informed consent. Final diagnosis was made either radiologically (including follow up) or by clinical examination or autopsy.Results: In 30 cases, 31 anomalies were detected on USG. There were 14 anomalies pertaining to central nervous system (CNS), 05 anomalies of genitourinary tract (GUT), 04 anomalies of thorax, 03 anomalies of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and, 05 anomalies involving other body parts of fetus. MRI could detect 28 anomalies. USG was able to characterize a case of dorsal meningo-myelocoele better than MRI. MRI was able to show the extent of other anomalies better than USG and provided additional information of horseshoe shape in 01 case of multi cystic dysplastic kidneys. MRI could not detect 03 cases of single umbilical artery.Conclusions: USG is the primary modality for fetal imaging. MRI can be a used as an adjunct to USG for confirmation and better delineation of anomalies.

No abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries of knee are commonly encountered in sportsmen during sports activities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for evaluation of traumatic knee injuries and arthroscopic interventions. By knowing the pattern and burden of surgically significant injuries in sportsmen, the artificial intelligence (AI) software may be developed accordingly so that surgically significant injuries may be identified by the young radiologists. Methods: It was a retrospective study on MRI for knee injuries in sportsmen. The digital data from Radiology department at a zonal level hospital was analysed. The MRI findings were correlated with the arthroscopic records available. For surgically insignificant injuries, the literature was referred for the typical MRI findings of the injuries. Results: Of 272 cases of MRI knee, 74.3% cases were detected to have acute traumatic injuries. Among various types of injuries found in this study, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear (55.9%) was the commonest injury followed by medial meniscal tear (40%). 40 (19.8%) cases were found to have surgically significant MRI findings which were subsequently corroborated with knee arthroscopy.Conclusions: Since majority of soft tissue injuries of knee constitute ACL and meniscal tears, the industries involved in developing AI software for soft tissue injuries of knee, should primarily focus on identification of ACL and meniscal injuries. The AI software may also be helpful for the young radiologists in early training days in MRI for knee injuries and may also help in big scale research projects of post traumatic MRI knees.