Background and Objective:An acute scrotum is defined as acute pain with or without scrotal swelling, may be accompanied by local signs or general symptoms. Acute scrotal pain is a medical emergency. Depending on cause, the management is entirely different. Torsion of testis and strangulated hernia are surgical emergency; whereas, epididymo-orchitis is treated by medicines. Testicular trauma and obstructed hernia can be differentiated by taking history from patient. Physical examination adds only a little information. Color Doppler ultrasound (US) is the modality of choice to differentiate testicular torsion from inflammatory conditions and can thus help in avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations.Subjects and Methods:A study on 50 patients was conducted who were referred with history of acute scrotal pain to our department between January 2013 and January 2014. Trauma and scrotal mass were excluded from the study. The clinical presentation, outcome, and US results were analyzed.Results:Color Doppler sonography yielded a positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of 100% each for torsion, whereas, 93.9 and 70.6% for epididymo-orchitis, respectively; a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for torsion, whereas, for epididymo-orchitis it was found to be 86.1 and 85.7%, respectively. In cases of incomplete or early torsion, some residual perfusion may be detected leading to false-negative results.Conclusion:We therefore conclude that color Doppler sonography can reliably rule out testicular torsion and can thus help in avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations. Hence, it can significantly improve outcome and decrease morbidity of patient. It is an accurate, rapid, nonexpensive, nonionizing, important adjunct to clinical assessment of scrotum.

Many imaging modalities are available for the evaluation of the temporal bone of which high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) plays a crucial role in demonstrating the detailed anatomy of the temporal bone and assessing the disease extent. Careful and thorough evaluation is needed for middle and inner ear lesions for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to prevent complications and to determine the best surgical approach. The purpose of this study is primarily to understand the capability of HRCT in diagnosis and detection of pathologies of the temporal bone.

Purpose–Mucormycosis is an uncommon, rapidly progressive, commonly fatal, opportunistic serious fungal infection.The high mortality rate highlights the importance of early detection and treatment. The purpose of this study to determine theoutcome of orbital exenteration in Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis(ROCM) patients. Methods and materials–This study includesall proven ROCM patients who had underwent orbital exenteration based on SION Scoring system from 1st may 2021 to 30 june 2021 in MYH hospital, Indore.Those patients were reviewedand the outcome of orbital exenterationwas analysed. Results- Total 29ROCM patients were underwent for orbital exenteration based on SION Scoring system. 19(65.5 %)out of 29 patients had intracranial extension and 10 (34.480%) did not have intracranial extension. Out of 29, 6 (20.68%) patients hadsuccumbed to death within 10 days of orbital exenteration was having bilateral orbital involvement with intracranial extension.23(79.34%) patientshave favorable outcome with regular follow up. Conclusion- Survival of mucormycosis patients depends on the their good glycemic control,immune status, laterality of the orbital involvement and early detection of intracranial extensionof the disease.With prompt medical (high dose intravenous amphotericin B) and early aggressive surgical intervention involving FESS and orbital exenteration can preventintracranial extension and may improve survival rate .Intracranial extension of the disease has invariably been associated with high mortality.

Introduction: Acute respiratory disease, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious and potentially fatal respiratory disease. Increase in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, immobilisation are suggested mechanisms of procoagulant state. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary emboli are common and often silent. Venous duplex ultrasound help in determination of the presence, extent, age of the thrombus and its attachment to venous wall. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of DVT by colour doppler ultrasound in lower limbs of mild to severe clinical categories of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A time-bound, hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, between March 2021 and February 2022. Study comprised 2200 cases of COVID-19 positive patients with elevated D-dimer levels i.e., >0.5 ng/mL and colour doppler imaging for lower limb. The clinical (co-morbidities, clinical severity) and radiological data (compressibility, colour flow) were studied and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0. Results: In the present study, there were 1144 (53%) males and 1056 (47%) females. Out of 2200 patients, 792 (36%) patients showed presence of DVT. The most prevalent age group was 36- 55 years having 506 (63.9%) patients. Majority of DVT positive patients were suffering with hypertension and diabetes i.e., 261 (33%) and 372 (47%) patients, respectively. Most commonly affected vein in DVT was Common Femoral Vein (CFV) in 704 (88.9%) patients. Superficial veins thrombosis was also associated with DVT affecting Short Saphenous Vein (SSV) in 439 (55.4%) patients and Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) in 221 (27.9%) patients. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DVT among COVID19 positive patients. Colour doppler ultrasound has provided an excellent aid in the diagnosis of DVT.