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BACKGROUNDAcute and chronic mesenteric ischaemia remains a complex disease entity characterised by perfusion abnormality to the GI tract as it presents with nonspecific symptoms. MDCT offers high spatial resolution, fast scan times, 3D data sets, and excellent evaluation of nonvascular findings. Multiphasic CT scan features of acute bowel ischaemia will depend on its cause, location, extent and severity. Wide ranges of findings are seen in patients with mesenteric ischaemia. In fact, CT has demonstrated very high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mesenteric ischaemia and has replaced catheter angiography as the primary imaging modality of choice. MATERIALS AND METHODSWe have retrospectively reviewed 37 cases of mesenteric ischaemia which were diagnosed by MDCT scan during 27 months and were further sent for surgery and or DSA and clinical followup. These patients were further grouped to acute and chronic depending on stenosis/status of mesenteric vessels, bowel wall changes and collateral pathways, and CT findings were correlated with surgical/DSA findings/followup. RESULTSCommon findings of acute mesenteric ischaemia are Bowel wall thickening (80 %), Bowel distention (53.3 %) and altered bowel wall enhancement (46.6%), while other findings SMA dissection, Pneumatosis and Pneumoporta were 33.3%. Common findings of chronic mesenteric ischaemia are blocked SMA and collaterals filling post-block SMA (100%), stenosis of superior mesenteric artery (77.3%), stenosis of IMA (54.5%), and stenosis of celiac trunk (31.8%). CONCLUSIONMultiphasic MDCT in mesenteric ischaemia offers excellent evaluation of vascular structures, bowel wall and demonstrates possible primary cause of mesenteric ischaemia.

AIM:The goal of our study was to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors of salivary glands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out in 52 patients with salivary gland tumors, ultrasound and Color Doppler examination were performed in each patient followed by USG guided FNAC/core biopsy. Presumed ultrasound diagnoses were compared with histopathology. RESULTS: 52 tumors were detected by sonography, out of them 32 were benign and 20 were malignant. 81.2%benign tumors had sharp border, but 20% malignant tumors also had sharp borders. Non-homogenous echo pattern was seen in 85% malignant and 46.7% of benign lesions. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is very useful in identification of salivary gland tumors; however, due to their non-specific imaging features, it is not reliable enough to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. KEYWORDS: High resolution sonography, Color Doppler, Salivary glands, Pleomorphic adenoma, Benign, Malignant. INTRODUCTION:Salivary gland tumors are not common; they represent 2-4% of all head and neck cancers. Majority of them (80%) are located in the parotid gland, 14% in the submandibular gland and the rest of them in the sublingual glands and in the minor salivary glands. (1) The smaller the gland has the higher the proportion of malignant tumors. The rate of malignancy in the parotid gland is 20-25%; it increases to 40-45% in the submandibular gland and to 51-80% in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (2) High resolution ultrasonography (HRSG) is first choice of imaging modality as it is widely available, cost effective and capable to image all the three major salivary glands, i. e., parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. However, for the deep segment of the parotid gland and minor salivary gland tumors, ultrasound may not be enough. In such cases MRI is used, as it provides very precise information on the position, extension and nature of the mass. (3) In USA, MRI is almost the only technique used in cases where a neoplastic enlargement of a salivary gland is suspected. CT is used mostly to detect salivary duct stones. (4) There are various sonographic features which can predict malignancy like irregular margin, non-homogenous echopattern, calcification, regional enlarged lymph nodes, internal composition and absence of distal acoustic enhancement. (5) therefore, our intention of the study was to evaluate role of ultrasound to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.

A 29-year-old woman, a known case of tuberous sclerosis, presented to our hospital with a 1-day history of multiple episodes of convulsions. This was associated with vague chest and abdominal pain. CT scans of the brain showed multiple calcific foci in the gray-white matter junctions and in the periventricular region. CT of the abdomen revealed liver hamartomas and renal angiomyolipoma.CT scans of the thorax showed multiple, tiny, randomly distributed, nodular densities of 3-10 mm in size and numerous miliary nodules 1-3 mm in both lung fields compatible with multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia. They were more predominant in the lung periphery and the upper lobes. Few tiny simple cysts were also noted. Plain chest radiographs revealed bilateral diffuse fine nodular opacities (figs 1 and 2).Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia is a recently described pulmonary manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. First described by Popper et al in 1991, there are only slightly more than 30 cases reported in the literature since. These lesions are benign hamartomatous proliferations of type II pneumocytes along alveolar septa that exhibit fibrous thickening, increased elastic fibres, and aggregated alveolar macrophages. 1 2 It is usually with limited clinical significance and no known malignant potential.2