This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bacteria from municipal waste and peat to determine those bacteria with good potential for modification and decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial application. Twenty cellulase-producing bacteria belonging to four major phyla – Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes – were found when screened on carboxymethyl cellulose-containing agar. Six isolates also exhibited activities towards filter paper as the sole carbon source in salt media, while 12 exhibited activities towards xylan when screened on xylan-containing plates. Moreover, 5 isolates survived in and increased the absorbance of 1% black liquor in salt media by an average of 2.07-fold after 21 days of incubation. Similarly, these 5 isolates increased the absorbance of 0.1% pure lignin at 280 nm in salt media, indicating modification of lignin. Additionally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of 1% barley straw treated for 21 days with these 5 strains showed a preference for consumption of hemicelluloses over lignin; however, a change in lignin was observed. A<i> Bacillus </i>strain (55S5) and a <i>Pseudomonas </i>strain (AS1) displayed the greatest potential for lignocellulose decomposition due to a variety of cellulase activities, as well as xylanase activity and modification of lignin. Several of these isolates have good potential for industrial use in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.

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The presence of foreign bodies in a chronic wound is a well-known phenomenon. The common locations are wrist, neck and chest cavity. Retained foreign bodies in soft tissues become reason for formation of sinus which can be superimposed by infection. Most of foreign bodies in soft tissues remain un-detected, becoming the reason for delayed diagnosis. Some of the foreign bodies are inert and stay in the body tissues for prolonged time without causing any deleterious effect but few of them erode into surrounding tissues and cause prolonged illness.  Tracheo-cutaneous fistula secondary to a foreign body in a child is rarely reported.  In this case, the patient had retained foreign body in her neck for almost eight years which remained un-diagnosed while being treated for various diseases.