The inferior alveolar nerve block is the simplest often utilized injection procedure in dentistry, and numerous variations of the traditional nerve block have lately been reported. The dentist or surgeon must consider a variety of aspects before choosing the optimum approach, considering the treatment's effectiveness probability and potential problems. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of preoperative ibuprofen verses placebo in enhancing the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversibly inflamed pulp. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed for a period of 6 months. Data collection was done after taking approval from hospital ethical committee of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine. 236 patients were included in this study.  The participant was told to assess their level of discomfort after the endodontic treatment. Results: From 236 patients, the minimum age was found 18 years and maximum age was 45 years. Males were 123/236 (52.1%) while females were 113/236 (47.9%). Effectiveness of both materials was found in 74/236 (31.4%) patients. Effectiveness of materials was found significant in both groups (Ibuprofen, Placebo) having p-value 0.012. Conclusions: The effectiveness of materials was significant in both groups (Ibuprofen, Placebo). Effect modifier like age, duration of pain and gender has no significant association with effectiveness of materials.

TITLE: Awareness of dental personnel towards occupational injury- a cross sectional study ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi. Methods:        This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted using pre-designed questionnaire addressing dental personnel of two dental hospitals of Karachi. It includes final year students, house officers, dental officers, general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents, and dental staff assistants. The inclusion criteria include dental personnel from both genders aged between 20 years to 60 years and had given verbal consent for the study. The non-cooperative respondents, not willing to participate in the study were excluded The sample population includes final year BDS students, house officers (HOs), dental officers (DOs), general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents (PGs) and dental staff assistants (DSAs). The dental health care workers were asked for the frequencies, tool, procedure and the departments in which they experienced NSI/SII; their knowledge and practice regarding standard management protocols for NSI/SII and their reporting was assessed.  A sample size of 201 personal was selected. Through informed verbal consent dental personnel of both genders aged between 20-60 years, filled questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 19.00. Results: Female and final year BDS participants were74.6% (n=150) and 35.3% (n=71) respectively. Needle stick injury or sharp instrument injury (NSI/SII) was 69.6 % (n=140). Most frequent  Instrument causing injury was dental needle i.e. 54.3% (n=76) while most frequent procedure was during local anesthesia administration i.e. 28.6% (n=40). Department of Oral Surgery was the most common department reported for injury i.e. 53.6% (75). Total 86.6% (n=174) were aware and 79.3% (n=111) of dental personnel followed standard protocols for its management. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 19.0. with significant p-value was < 0.05. Conclusion: The percentage of dental occupational injury is high and awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi is inadequate. Keywords: Wounds and Injuries, occupational injuries, dental instruments word count abstract: 204 word count: 1781 Number of tables and Figures: 2 each Conflict of interest and funding: None TITLE: Awareness of dental personnel towards occupational injury- a cross sectional study ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi. Methods:        This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted using pre-designed questionnaire addressing dental personnel of two dental hospitals of Karachi. It includes final year students, house officers, dental officers, general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents, and dental staff assistants. The inclusion criteria include dental personnel from both genders aged between 20 years to 60 years and had given verbal consent for the study. The non-cooperative respondents, not willing to participate in the study were excluded The sample population includes final year BDS students, house officers (HOs), dental officers (DOs), general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents (PGs) and dental staff assistants (DSAs). The dental health care workers were asked for the frequencies, tool, procedure and the departments in which they experienced NSI/SII; their knowledge and practice regarding standard management protocols for NSI/SII and their reporting was assessed.  A sample size of 201 personal was selected. Through informed verbal consent dental personnel of both genders aged between 20-60 years, filled questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 19.00. Results: Female and final year BDS participants were74.6% (n=150) and 35.3% (n=71) respectively. Needle stick injury or sharp instrument injury (NSI/SII) was 69.6 % (n=140). Most frequent  Instrument causing injury was dental needle i.e. 54.3% (n=76) while most frequent procedure was during local anesthesia administration i.e. 28.6% (n=40). Department of Oral Surgery was the most common department reported for injury i.e. 53.6% (75). Total 86.6% (n=174) were aware and 79.3% (n=111) of dental personnel followed standard protocols for its management. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 19.0. with significant p-value was < 0.05. Conclusion: The percentage of dental occupational injury is high and awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi is inadequate. Keywords: Wounds and Injuries, occupational injuries, dental instruments word count abstract: 204 word count: 1781 Number of tables and Figures: 2 each Conflict of interest and funding: None TITLE: Awareness of dental personnel towards occupational injury- a cross sectional study ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi. Methods:        This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted using pre-designed questionnaire addressing dental personnel of two dental hospitals of Karachi. It includes final year students, house officers, dental officers, general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents, and dental staff assistants. The inclusion criteria include dental personnel from both genders aged between 20 years to 60 years and had given verbal consent for the study. The non-cooperative respondents, not willing to participate in the study were excluded The sample population includes final year BDS students, house officers (HOs), dental officers (DOs), general dental practitioners, consultants, post-graduate residents (PGs) and dental staff assistants (DSAs). The dental health care workers were asked for the frequencies, tool, procedure and the departments in which they experienced NSI/SII; their knowledge and practice regarding standard management protocols for NSI/SII and their reporting was assessed.  A sample size of 201 personal was selected. Through informed verbal consent dental personnel of both genders aged between 20-60 years, filled questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 19.00. Results: Female and final year BDS participants were74.6% (n=150) and 35.3% (n=71) respectively. Needle stick injury or sharp instrument injury (NSI/SII) was 69.6 % (n=140). Most frequent  Instrument causing injury was dental needle i.e. 54.3% (n=76) while most frequent procedure was during local anesthesia administration i.e. 28.6% (n=40). Department of Oral Surgery was the most common department reported for injury i.e. 53.6% (75). Total 86.6% (n=174) were aware and 79.3% (n=111) of dental personnel followed standard protocols for its management. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 19.0. with significant p-value was < 0.05. Conclusion: The percentage of dental occupational injury is high and awareness of dental personnel towards dental occupational injury in Karachi is inadequate. Keywords: Wounds and Injuries, occupational injuries, dental instruments word count abstract: 204 word count: 1781 Number of tables and Figures: 2 each Conflict of interest and funding: None

Recently the use of radiography is growing significantly due to technology advancements and overdependence for diagnosis that's the reason everyone is exposed to radiation and there is a linear relationship exists between radiation exposure and adverse effects on the body. Objectives: To compare the radiation hazards and protection protocols knowledge among the final year medical and dental students of private university. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on final year students of Medical and Dental College of private university at Karachi Pakistan in year 2022. All students in final year MBBS and BDS irrespective of age and gender were the source population. The study populations (n=85) were those students who were randomly chosen to fill the questionnaire. The study tool in this research included a structured questionnaire. Each correct answer was scored as 1 point. Percentages and frequencies will be recorded for qualitative variables. The total knowledge scores between medical and dental students were compared using the independent t-test. Results: The data were analyzed on a total of (n=85) students. The mean ages were 22.91±0.71 and 59 (69%) were girls and 26 (31) % were boys. There were (n=45) students from the final year MBBS and (n=40) students from BDS referred as group I and II respectively. There was significant difference (t (83) = -3.052, P=0.003) in the knowledge scores group I (8.95±3.30) and group II (11.40±4.07). Conclusion: Majority of Dental students have high knowledge scores as compare to medical students