With the increasing demand of energy, the energy production is not that much sufficient and that's why it has become an important issue to make accurate prediction of energy consumption for efficient management of energy. Hence appropriate demand side forecasting has a great economical worth. Objective of our paper is to render representations of a suitable time series forecasting model using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Holt Winters model for the energy consumption of Ohio/Kentucky and also predict the accuracy considering different periods (daily, weekly, monthly). We apply these two models and observe that Holt Winters model outperforms ARIMA model in each (daily, weekly and monthly observations) of the cases. We also make a comparison among few other existing analyses of time series forecasting and find out that the mean absolute percentage error (MASE) of Holt Winters model is least considering the monthly data.

Dental fluorosis is a specific disturbance in tooth formation, and is defined as a chronic, fluoride-induced condition in which enamel development is disrupted. Objective: To test the efficiency of 5% sodium hypochlorite in removing dental fluorosis stains. Methods: A 5 percent solution of NaOCl was used in each case. It was administered with a cotton applicator to the whole surface of the teeth, and it was repeated until the NaOCl solution had evaporated. After treatment, a follow-up assessment was conducted by a vita shade guide. Results: Patients with dental fluorosis aged 12 to 20 were enrolled in the study. 32 men (59.3%) and 22 women were studied (40.7%). One patient (1.9%) had completed college. There were 23 (42.6%), 23 (42.6%) and 05 (09.3%) cases with inadequate socioeconomic status. One in ten people (or 18.5%) had a family history of fluorosis. 26 (48.1%) brushed once, 23 (42.6%) brushed twice, and just 05 (09.3%) brushed three times. There were 25 mild instances, 15 moderate cases, 10 severe cases, and 4 severe dental cases (DF). 5% sodium hypochlorite was efficacious in 40 (74.1%) and 14 (24.9%) cases of mild to severe dental fluorosis. Conclusion: The 5% sodium hypochlorite was found to be an efficient method for eliminating dental fluorosis lesions in this investigation. Non-invasive and safe procedure for these lesions. No additional supplies are needed, and it may be used on children's permanent teeth with ease. To support the efficacy of a bigger sample size, further studies are recommended.

In this paper, we have presented a new particle swarm optimization based multivariate fuzzy time series forecasting method. This method assumes five-factors with one main factor of interest. History of past three years is used for making new forecasts. This new method is applied in forecasting total number of car accidents in Belgium using four secondary factors. We also make comparison of our proposed method with existing methods of fuzzy time series forecasting. Experimentally, it is proved that our proposed method perform better than many existing fuzzy time series forecasting methods. The interest of this paper centers in applying swarm intelligence approaches in forecasting related problems. The dataset is taken from National Institute of Statistics, Belgium.

The inferior alveolar nerve block is the simplest often utilized injection procedure in dentistry, and numerous variations of the traditional nerve block have lately been reported. The dentist or surgeon must consider a variety of aspects before choosing the optimum approach, considering the treatment's effectiveness probability and potential problems. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of preoperative ibuprofen verses placebo in enhancing the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversibly inflamed pulp. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed for a period of 6 months. Data collection was done after taking approval from hospital ethical committee of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine. 236 patients were included in this study.  The participant was told to assess their level of discomfort after the endodontic treatment. Results: From 236 patients, the minimum age was found 18 years and maximum age was 45 years. Males were 123/236 (52.1%) while females were 113/236 (47.9%). Effectiveness of both materials was found in 74/236 (31.4%) patients. Effectiveness of materials was found significant in both groups (Ibuprofen, Placebo) having p-value 0.012. Conclusions: The effectiveness of materials was significant in both groups (Ibuprofen, Placebo). Effect modifier like age, duration of pain and gender has no significant association with effectiveness of materials.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices among school children regarding their oral hygiene status. Subject and Methods: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at government high schools of Jamshoro district. Total sample size calculated was 108. All the school children were interviewed by using a questioner in easy languages containing multiple questions regarding knowledge and practice of oral health. Results: Mean age of patients was 13.46+2.47 years, minimum 07 years and maximum 15 years. All the children recruited in the study were girls. Teeth and gums status were statistically non-significant according to age. 9.3% said that they had faced toothache many times in past 12 months, and 34 children felt it rarely. Conclusion: Mostly children were observed with good teeth and gums health and knowledge was also found to be satisfactory, while oral hygienic practice was found be unsatisfactory and consumption of biscuits, lemonade and coca cola, sugar, tea and chew gum was found to be very high, which will be harmful in future. Keywords: Oral Hygiene, Knowledge, School Children, Practices