<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Proximal humeral fractures were treated conservatively in the past and often had compromised functional results. With the advancement of surgical techniques, these fractures, especially displaced, are now more often managed operatively; to meet the needs of the patient, provide early rehabilitation and better functional outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of operative management of proximal humeral fractures with Philos plate fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective study, 30 patients aged 19-75 years (mean age 47.1 years) with fractures of the proximal humerus, including two-, three-, and four-part fractures, were treated by open reduction internal fixation with Philos plating. Patients’ functional outcomes were evaluated based on subjective (35 points) and objective (65 points) parameters, as per the constant scoring system.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Functional outcome based on the constant scoring system of the patient at 6 month follow-up were compared. Excellent results were seen in 12 patients (40%), 2 had very good results (6.66%), 9 patients were having good (30%) and 6 had fair (20%) functional outcome. One patient had poor functional results (3.33%). Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head was observed in one patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Philos plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures provides good stable fixation with good functional outcome and is a feasible option.</p><p> </p>

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the common health problems with a progressive prevalence both in developed and developing countries. The different method are used to quantify osteoporosis like DEXA and Quantitative ultrasound (QUS). So study was mainly done to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients attending OPD at tertiary care hospital and to compare the BMD in relation to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Method and Materials: A prospective cross sectional study carried out in the orthpedic OPD of Dr RN Cooper Medical Hospital, Mumbai over the period of 6 months from June 2017 to November 2017. The study include 186 cases which include all patients attending OPD from 19 yrs to 90 yrs and those who were willing to give consent for study. BMD was tested using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (BMD SONOST 2000) machine. The results were tabulated and analysed statistically. Test of significance (chi square test and Z test) were applied wherever necessary. Result: The prevalence of Osteoporosis in our study was 14.51% and prevalence of Osteopenia was 58.06% as per WHO criteria. In our study, we found that osteoporosis and osteopenia is more common in female with most common age is more than 40 yrs. The menopausal female, smoker and patients from lower socioeconomic strata have low BMD score. Conclusion: Osteoporosis is more prevalent in our society than it is seen so awareness of people about osteoporosis, good dietary habits, active life style, good control of systemic disorders, reduced intake of tobacco can make a huge difference in osteoporotic complication rate in our society.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There are no adequate data in literature referring to the early diagnosis and treatment (especially surgical) of MDR tuberculosis of spine and evaluation of its clinical outcome. We aimed to address this lacunae, by using gene expert test (CBNAAT) and drug sensitivity/susceptibility tests (DST) and by studying subsequent actual clinical outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty patients with clinico-radiological scenario of spinal tuberculosis were evaluated using biochemical, radiological and histo-pathological studies. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was empirically started based on initial clinico-radiological suspicion of spinal tuberculosis. All tissue specimen and intra-operative samples were subjected to CBNAAT, MGIT culture and histopathological examination. Culture of those samples which showed rifampicin resistance on CBNAAT were followed up for DST (Drug Susceptibility Test) and the treatment modified accordingly, if required. All cases were followed up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months interval.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 40 patients, mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 23 patients by CBNAAT. Out of these 23 cases, 20 showed mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitivity to rifampicin and 3 were resistant. Out of these 3 cases, one had culture positive. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of gene expert test in comparison with the culture were 100%. Specificity and positive predictive value were calculated at 58.6% and 47.8% respectively. Accuracy of gene expert in our study was found to be 70%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early detection of MDR spinal tuberculosis using highly sensitive CBNAAT test would be helpful to avoid consequences of inappropriate chemotherapy and would result in favourable outcomes.</p>