Recent literature has suggested a novel symbiotic relationship between bacteriophage and metazoan host that provides antimicrobial defense protecting mucosal surface by binding to host matrix mucin glycoproteins. Here, we isolated and studied different bacteriophages that specifically interact with human extracellular matrix molecules such as fibronectin, gelatin, heparin and demonstrated their potency for protection to host against microbial infections. We showed that subpopulations of bacteriophages that work against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli can bind to pure gelatin, fibronectin and heparin and reduced bacterial load in human colon cell line HT29. The bacteriophages were characterized with respect to their genome sizes, melting curve patterns and host tropism (cross-reactivity with different hosts). Since, the bacteriophages are non-toxic to the host and can effectively reduce bacterial load in HT29 cell line their therapeutic potency against bacterial infection could be explored.

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We report the draft genome sequence of Escherichia coli ASBT-1, a representative of E. coli sequence type 155 (ST155), obtained from India. Considering the known wide variety of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance potentials, this strain should be of great interest for detailed comparative genomic analysis.

The current COVID-19 pandemic situation has posed a significant threat to human health. This calls for versatile facemask filters with high filtration efficiency and biocidal activity. Herein, we have rationally designed a three-layered nanofilter mask consisting of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and curcumin as a nanocoating on a polypropylene spunbond membrane. The nanomask thus developed had a particulate filtration efficiency of 96.8 ± 0.1%, with good breathability (64 ± 2 Pa) and a high quality factor (0.052 ± 0.0005 Pa–1) for a coating thickness of ∼20 μm. An aerosol filtration efficiency of >99.99% was achieved for both bacteria and bacteriophages (a virus surrogate). Curcumin loading into the nanocoating induced significant contact-killing efficiency against bacteria and bacteriophages, implying the high biocidal activity presented by the nanomask. Furthermore, this mask could be reused up to 30 times after successive washing and drying, without alterations in its particle-filtration efficiency or fibrous morphology. Thus, by adopting a simple, scalable technique, a nanomask with manifold features was developed that satisfies the essential demands of air filtration in the current pandemic era.

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