Background:The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of iPex and Vdw gold apex locators in detecting simulated root perforations in curved canals in the presence of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and Methods:In this comparative in vitro study Twenty mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were selected and perforation was made in the danger zone 4 mm from the furcation area. The actual length of the perforation site was measured using stereomicroscope software using a #15 K file, following which the teeth were embedded in alginate molds. The perforation site was electronically measured using two apex locators, iPex and Vdw gold in dry condition and in the presence of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX. The values obtained were compared using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with level of statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.Results:In dry condition, Vdw gold showed near accurate values, i.e., 0.25 mm from the manual value whereas iPex showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) of 0.76 mm from the manual value. In the presence of 3% NaOCl, both the apex locators showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the manual value with iPex showing a difference of 0.70 mm and Vdw gold showing a difference of 0.74 mm. The most accurate values were determined by both the apex locators in the presence of 2% CHX with iPex showing a deviation of 0.13 mm and Vdw gold showing a deviation of 0.39 mm from the manual.Conclusion:In dry condition, Vdw group showed better results than iPex in determining the length of the root perforation. In wet condition, in the presence of 2% CHX, both the apex locators accurately measured the perforation site, whereas in the presence of 3% NaOCl, both the apex locators showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the manual value in detecting the root perforation.

Introduction: To compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of sixth- and seventh-generation bonding agents with varying pH – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human premolar teeth were collected and cleaned and polished with pumice and water. The root portion of teeth was resected, and only the coronal portion was embedded in the cold-cure acrylic resin. The labial surface of mounted teeth was prepared with a high-speed handpiece using #245 carbide bur. The samples prepared were divided into four groups, with 20 specimens in each group: Group A: Sixth-generation bonding agent, Adper Prompt L-Pop (APLP) (3M ESPE) Group B: Sixth-generation bonding agent, Xeno III (X III) (Dentsply) Group C: Seventh-generation bonding agent, Adper Easy One (AEO) (3M ESPE) Group D: Seventh-generation bonding agent, Xeno IV (X IV) (Dentsply). Tooth surface were rinsed and dried, and bonding agents were applied on tooth surface. Composite resin (Z-350 XT, 3M ESPE) was placed in a two-layer increment on tooth and was light cured. Specimens were subjected to the universal testing machine in a compression mode force at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min keeping blade parallel to the adhesive–dentin interface. Shear force required to debond the specimen was recorded in megapascal. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and post hoc test. Results: AEO (pH = 2.3, Group C seventh generation) showed higher bond strength, and pH values did not influence the shear bond strength significantly in the tested adhesive systems. Conclusion: The pH values did not influence the shear bond strength significantly in the tested adhesive systems. ADPER EASY ONE (pH= 2.3, GROUP C Seventh Generation) showed higher bond strength followed by XENO IV(pH = 2.1, GROUP D), XENO III (pH = 1.5, GROUP B) on dentinal surface ,where as ADPER PROMPT L POP (pH =0.7 to 1 Sixth Generation, GROUP A) showed lower bond strength.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of two bioceramic root end filling materials in root end preparation done with diamond points and ultrasonics under scanning electron microscope.: 56 single rooted extracted human teeth were collected and decoronated to create a standardized length of 14mm and were then endodontically treated. The treated tooth were resected 3mm from the apex at 90 degree angle to long axis of the tooth.The samples were then randomly divided into two groups, group I and group II of 28 samples each. Group I and group II were further divided into subgroup A and subgroup B of 14 samples each. Root end preparations in subgroup A of both the groups were done using ultrasonic tips and in subgroup B of both the groups root end preparations were done using diamond points and In Group I all the root end preparation were filled with MTA(Angelus) and in group II with Biodentine.The apical portions of the roots were then sectioned to obtain 1mm thick transversal sections, scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the adaptations of the root end filling materials with the dentin. Two way Anova and Tukeys Multiple Posthoc test was used for statistical data analysis.: Lowest mean marginal gap of 0.46 micron meter seen with Group II (a) and highest marginal gap of 0.83micron meter seen with Group I (b), which were statistically significant (P&#60;0.05).: Biodentine group, root end preparation done using ultrasonics showed best marginal adaptation than all the other tested groups.