Background The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use. Objective The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice. Methods Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy. Results The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times. Conclusions The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.

BACKGROUND The Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of skills of healthcare personnel in the efficient search of the literature and the application of formal rules for the evaluation of evidence contained in the medical literature. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making process of routine clinical practice allows to improve the patients’ healthcare, leading to increase the patient safety and to optimize resource efficiency. OBJECTIVE To enable physicians to carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their regular clinical practice in an agile method. METHODS Two basic components integrate the KNOWBED system: a knowledge station (web application) and a mobile application. KNOWBED system has been tested in in the context of the bronchiolitis pathology from the Paediatrics Unit from the “Virgen Macarena” University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The system was evaluated using two indicators: usability and effectiveness. RESULTS A technological system (KNOWBED system) has been designed, developed and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based in standards that has been incorporated into the practice of physicians. From this tool, physicians can consult existing scientific knowledge at bedside and access of recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. CONCLUSIONS KNOWBED system is considered a useful and innovative system by physicians. The surveys of usability filled in by the users of the system show that it is particularly easy to access the knowledge bases. However, this article sets out certain improvements to be made in future experiences.

Background In recent years, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the high level of stress among health care professionals has increased, and research in this area has intensified. Hospital staff members have historically been known to work in an environment involving high emotional demands, time pressure, and workload. Furthermore, the pandemic has increased the strain experienced by health care professionals owing to the high number of people they need to manage and, on many occasions, the limited available resources with which they must carry out their functions. These psychosocial risks are not always well dealt with by the organization or the professionals themselves. Therefore, it is necessary to have tools to assess these psychosocial risks and to optimize the management of this demand from health care professionals. Digital health, and more specifically, mobile health (mHealth), is presented as a health care modality that can contribute greatly to respond to these unmet needs. Objective We aimed to analyze whether mHealth tools can provide value for the study and management of psychosocial risks in health care professionals, and assess the requirements of these tools. Methods A Delphi study was carried out to determine the opinions of experts on the relevance of using mHealth tools to evaluate physiological indicators and psychosocial factors in order to assess occupational health, and specifically, stress and burnout, in health care professionals. The study included 58 experts with knowledge and experience in occupational risk prevention, psychosocial work, and health-related technology, as well as health professionals from private and public sectors. Results Our data suggested that there is still controversy about the roles that organizations play in occupational risk prevention in general and psychosocial risks in particular. An adequate assessment of the stress levels and psychosocial factors can help improve employees’ well-being. Moreover, making occupational health evaluations available to the team would positively affect employees by increasing their feelings of being taken into account by the organization. This assessment can be improved with mHealth tools that identify and quickly highlight the difficulties or problems that occur among staff and work teams. However, to achieve good adherence and participation in occupational health and safety evaluations, experts consider that it is essential to ensure the privacy of professionals and to develop feelings of being supported by their supervisors. Conclusions For years, mHealth has been used mainly to propose intervention programs to improve occupational health. Our research highlights the usefulness of these tools for evaluating psychosocial risks in a preliminary and essential phase of approaches to improve the health and well-being of professionals in health care settings. The most urgent requirements these tools must meet are those aimed at protecting the confidentiality and privacy of measurements.

The increasing ageing of the European population is an unstoppable process causing more and more demand for health and social assistance resources. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an indispensable tool to identify the psychosocial and functional limitations of geriatric patients. The problem is that the CGA process is very long and demands a lot of time from health professionals. It is necessary to develop a robotic platform that helps in CGA. In this sense, Clarc is a mobile robot developed to help the physician to capture and manage their data during CGA procedures. The robotic platform was tested in some healthcare centers and results show elderly participants accepted the technology. Clarc is a tool that facilitates the work of health professionals given the ease of access to patient data and their evaluations, freeing these professionals to focus their activity on purely clinical tasks that require their knowledge.

Over the years, robotics have become technological service tools in different application domains. This chapter presents a direct application of games and robotics as therapeutic tools in the healthcare of patients. These strategies are used in ACROSS project, involving more than 100 researchers from 13 Spanish entities. The main objective of this project is to modify the current perspective of the therapies, taking advantage of the game properties that will be implemented in social robots, which are blocked in providing predefined services. These new systems are able to self-reconfigure and adapt autonomously. In order to provide an open framework for collaboration between universities, research centres, and the Administration, ACROSS will develop Open Source Services available to everybody. This chapter aims to contribute a new overview of treatment therapies with elderly and paediatric patients that present cognitive and motor impairments as well as present the methodology of evaluation to determine the effect of games and social robots as a means to carry out a therapy.