Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat that is harmful to the individuals. Respiratory disorders are among the comorbidities associated with obesity. This study had the objective of investigating the alterations in respiratory function that affect obese individuals. A systematic review was performed, by selecting publications in the science databases MEDLINE and LILACS, using PubMed and SciELO. The articles that assessed pulmonary function by plethysmography and/or spirometry in obese individuals aged under 18 years were included. The results demonstrated that the obese individuals presented with a reduction in lung volume and capacity as compared to healthy individuals. Reduction of total lung capacity and reduction of forced vital capacity, accompanied by reduction of the forced expiratory volume after one second were the most representative findings in the samples. The articles analyzed proved the presence of a restrictive respiratory pattern associated with obesity.
Pulmonary complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting at a hospital in Maceio, Brazil [I] Complicações pulmonares em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio em um hospital de Maceió [A] Ana Carolina do Nascimento Calles [a] , Jéssyca Lane Fausto Lira [a] , Karolyne Soares Barbosa Granja [a] , Jaime Dativo de Medeiro [a] , Adoniran Rodrigues Farias [b] , Ricardo César Cavalcanti [c]* [a] Centro Universitário Tiradentes (UNIT), Maceió, AL, Brazil [b] Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas (UNCISAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil [c] Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil [R] Abstract Introduction: Despite technological advances aimed at reducing complications and hospital stay, pulmonary complications in the postoperative period of CABG surgery remain one of the most important causes of morbidity. These may be related to the patient's quality of life, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as a decline in postoperative respiratory muscle strength, contributing to the emergence of restrictive respiratory disorders. Objective: Assess pulmonary complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and identify their association with risk factors. Methods: A retrospective study with non-probability convenience sampling of 168 patients at the Hospital Calles ACN, Lira JLF, Granja KSB, Medeiro JD, Farias AR, Cavalcanti RC. 662 failure (1.2%); and bronchopneumonia (0.6%). Female patients and those aged 70 years or older experienced more pulmonary complications after surgery. Conclusion: Women and patients older than 70 years had the most severe postoperative pulmonary complications, the most common being pleural effusion and atelectasis.
Um posicionamento adequado influencia o desenvolvimento neurossensorial, proporcionando conforto, além de auxiliar na melhora da função respiratória de um recém-nascido (RN), o que por sua vez, também reduz a sensação dolorosa. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em verificar a utilização das redes de descanso e do posicionamento em prono no alívio da dor e no comportamento dos sinais vitais em recém-nascidos pré-termo (RCPT). Trata-se de pesquisa intervencionista com uma amostra de 20 recém-nascidos pré-termos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital do Açúcar na cidade de Maceió (AL, Brasil). Avaliaram-se os sinais vitais e o escore de dor (escala NFCS - Sistema de Codificação da Atividade Facial Neonatal) antes e após os posicionamentos propostos. Esta pesquisa teve os seguintes resultados: ao comparar os valores iniciais e finais para cada variável entre as intervenções prono e redes de descanso, foi observada melhora significativa nos sinais vitais e na dor em ambos os posicionamentos, mas não houve significância estatística (p > 0,05) entre as intervenções, indicando que as mesmas causaram alterações semelhantes nos recém-nascidos. Os achados apontam a importância das mudanças de decúbito citados em RNPT estáveis internados em UTIN por se tratarem de métodos não invasivos e de baixo custo que proporcionam benefícios para o desenvolvimento como um todo desses RN.Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido. Posicionamento. Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal.
ObjectiveTo evaluate respiratory and peripheral muscle strength after cardiac surgery. Additionally, we compared the changes in these variables on the third and sixth postoperative days.MethodsForty-six patients were recruited, including 17 women and 29 men, with a mean age of 60.50 years (SD = 9.20). Myocardial revascularization surgery was performed in 36 patients, replacement of the aortic valve in 5 patients, and replacement of the mitral valve in 5 patients.ResultsA significant reduction in respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and a significant increase in pain intensity were observed on the third and sixth postoperative days (p < 0.05), except for the variable maximal inspiratory pressure; on the sixth postoperative day, maximal inspiratory pressure values were already similar to the preoperative and predicted values (p > 0.05). There was an association between peripheral muscle strength, specifically between maximal expiratory pressure preoperatively (rs = 0.383; p = 0.009), on the third postoperative day (rs = 0.468; p = 0.001) and on the sixth postoperative day (rs = 0.311; p = 0.037). The effect sizes were consistently moderate-to-large for respiratory muscle strength, the Medical Research Council scale and the visual analog scale, in particular between preoperative assessment and the sixth postoperative day.ConclusionThere is a decrease in respiratory and peripheral muscle strength after cardiac surgery. In addition, maximal expiratory pressure is the variable that is most associated with peripheral muscle strength. These variables, especially respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, should be considered by professionals working in the intensive care setting.
Introdução: A sarcopenia é decorrente da perda de massa muscular, encontrada em diversos estágios da doença renal crônica (DRC). Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a influência da sarcopenia nos aspectos de mobilidade de pacientes com DRC. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática baseada nos critérios do PRISMA, na qual foi realizada uma busca na literatura nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo e CINAHL, dos últimos 10 anos, correspondente ao período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2018. Resultados: Para a composição do corpus foram selecionados nove estudos com abordagem na influência da sarcopenia no estado geral dos pacientes. Discussão: A DRC está associada a perda das funções regulatórias, excretórias e endócrinas do rim, cursando com diversos desfechos, dentre eles perda de massa muscular progressiva, associada ao processo de envelhecimento. Conclusão: Um alto índice de indivíduos com DRC apresentam um estado de sarcopenia, consequência da inatividade e da diminuição da síntese proteica gerando hipotrofia.
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