Resumo: Escola e família constituem dois contextos de desenvolvimento fundamentais para a trajetória de vida das pessoas. Neste artigo, são destacadas as contribuições destes contextos para a promoção do desenvolvimento humano, enfatizando suas implicações nos processos evolutivos. Questões sobre configurações, vínculos familiares e a importância da rede social de apoio para o desenvolvimento da família são discutidas. Focalizam-se as funções da escola, considerando sua influência nas pessoas em desenvolvimento. Apontam-se algumas considerações sobre a necessidade de compreender as inter-relações entre escola e família, visando facilitar a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento humano. A integração entre esses dois contextos é destacada como desafio para a prática profissional e pesquisa empírica.Palavras-chave: Família. Escola. Desenvolvimento humano. Family and School as context for human developmentAbstract: School and family constitute two developmental contexts essential for the lifespan trajectories. In this article, it is highlighted the contribution of both contexts to human development promotion, emphasizing their implications on evolutionary processes. The issues about family links, configurations, and the importance of the social support network for family development are discussed. The school functions are focused considering their influences on developing persons. Considerations are also made about the necessity of understanding the inter-relations between the school and the family, aiming to promote learning and human development. The integration between these two contexts is a challenge for both the professional practice and the empirical research.Keywords: Family. School. Human development. La Familia y la Escuela como contextos del desarrollo humanoResumen: La escuela y la familia constituyen dos contextos del desarrollo fundamentales para la historia de vida de las personas. Resaltamos las contribuciones de ambos contextos para la promoción del desarrollo humano, enfatizando sus implicaciones en los procesos evolutivos. Discutimos cuestiones sobre las configuraciones y vínculos familiares y la importancia de la red social de apoyo para el desarrollo de la familia. Enfatizamos las funciones de la escuela, considerando su influencia sobre el desarrollo de las personas. Apuntamos la necesidad de comprender las interrelaciones entre la escuela y la familia, visando facilitar el aprendizaje y el desarrollo humano. La integración entre estos dos contextos es destacada como un desafio tanto para la práctica profesional como para las investigaciones empíricas.Palabras clave: Familia. Escuela. Desarrollo humano. _______________________________________________________________________________

ResumoPesquisadores e educadores têm mostrado um crescente interesse pelo estudo das relações entre a família e a escola devido à sua importância para a educação e o desenvolvimento humano. Neste artigo teórico, apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre o envolvimento da família com a escola e seu impacto sobre a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento do aluno. Os benefícios de uma boa integração e as implicações de uma falta de integração entre os dois contextos são discutidos brevemente, bem como são descritos aspectos das relações estabelecidas entre ambos, que vêm sendo focalizados nas pesquisas empíricas. Especial atenção é dada às concepções e tipos de envolvimento família-escola e às percepções de pais e professores sobre este envolvimento. Ao final, enfatizamos a necessidade de uma integração mais efetiva entre a família e a escola, respeitando as peculiaridades de cada segmento, e da implementação de pesquisas que levem em conta as inter-relações entre os dois contextos.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem; Relação família -escola; Desenvolvimento infantil. TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING PARENT SCHOOL RELATIONSHIP AbstractResearchers and educators have showed an increasingly interest in the study of the relationship between family and school due to its importance for education and human development. In this theoretical article, we present some reflections about the importance of the family-school involvement and its impact on the learning process and child development. The benefits of a good integration between family and school as well as the implications of a lack of integration between them are briefly discussed. Moreover, we present some aspects of their relationships that have been focused on empirical research, emphasizing the conceptions and types of family-school involvement and teacher and parental perceptions about it. At the end, we move the focus to discuss the necessity of promoting a better integration between family and school, considering the peculiarities of each one, and implementing researches taking account of the interrelatedness between both contexts.Keywords: Learning; Parent school; Childhood development INTRODUÇÃOQuestões sobre o envolvimento entre família e escola têm despertado o interesse dos pesquisadores (Bost, Vaughn, Boston, Kazura & O'Neal, 2004;Ferreira & Marturano, 2002), principalmente no que se refere às implicações para o desenvolvimento social e cognitivo do aluno e suas relações com o sucesso escolar. Ao lado disso, são poucas as pesquisas que têm investigado as inter-relações entre os papéis da família e da escola, de modo a oferecer estratégias que promovam o aprimoramento e a ampliação dos modelos de relação entre os dois ambientes. Tais pesquisas requerem uma visão integrada, contextualizada, sistêmica e ampla de tais ambientes, o que nem sempre é possível, quer pela falta de conhecimento do próprio pesquisador, quer pela falta de infra-estrutura para implementar projetos desta natureza.

Educational policies in the face of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus took an unexpected turn in Latin America. Virtuality constituted a key opportunity for the continuity of basic fundamental services in the citizen’s right to education. The objective of this research was to analyze the educational public policies adopted by governments in Latin America in the face of the pandemic. The methodology was an integrative documentary review of the main international organizations whose documents provided relevant information on the actions to be implemented in fourteen Latin American countries. The results obtained show that the priority was to reestablish the continuity of educational services using mass communication resources, such as radio, television, digital platforms, making visible the inequity in the access to the Internet at home. It was also identified a deficiency in the competencies and digital resources of the educational community, dis-crimination and inclusion of people with some type of disability or different languages, especially in urban or rural areas because they do not have technological means. It was concluded that the educational policies in Latin America proposed during the COVID-19 period were designed with-out a real situational diagnosis in each country, to meet the demands of urban and rural areas in an equitable manner with the will of governments, providing budgets and resources that benefit the educational community, as an achievement of state policies.

Teaching in research at the university level is a complex task that articulates, experience, methodology and research skills of the faculty. Developing research implies creativity, dedication of hours and the development of an innovative identity in university professors, which is a priority in higher education institutions. The objective of this study was to systematize the scientific evidence on the teaching of research in various disciplines at the university level. Verification was performed in the Eric, Scopus and Scielo databases between the years 2012 and 2021. A search equation was used with the terms included in the thesauri of "scientific research" and "teaching". The Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used and the exclusion and inclusion criteria of temporality, subject, language, type and accessibility to scientific literature were used. Twenty articles were identified that answered the question: What is the scientific evidence on university teaching in scientific research, identifying the pedagogical dimension, complexity of teaching, techniques and instruments, and predominance of teaching over research? The results indicate that university professors should be aware and should recognize that despite having extensive professional experience, they should improve their research skills, so as to offer a range of possibilities to students for research. It is concluded that whatever the discipline to be developed at the university level, scientific research should be strengthened through the reading of scientific articles, preferably housed in indexed scientific journals and belonging to or promoting research networks.   Received: 17 November 2021 / Accepted: 22 February 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022

Previous research warns about the limitations that some university teachers in Ibero-America have in relation to digital research competencies. The objective of this research was to analyze the research competencies from the university teacher's self-perception, contrasted with the classroom evaluation. The study had a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted via the Zoom virtual platform, and recordings (of an average of 4 h each) of classes delivered by 10 teachers with an average age of 58 years old, in charge of scientific research courses at the postgraduate level in Peruvian universities were analyzed. The instruments used included an in-depth interview guide and a checklist. The results show that university teachers perceive themselves as specialists in the area of research, however, they present limitations when transmitting knowledge during the teaching-learning process. There is evidence of a lack of pedagogy, as well as limitations in the use of digital resources and technological tools due to their resistance to change. The conclusions reveal that it is key to make teachers aware of the paradigm shift, with a teaching that includes as digital competencies: knowing how to create and manipulate data, knowing how to use programs and information systems, knowing how to socialize and collaborate in digital environments, knowing how to exercise and respect a digital citizenship, knowing how to manage knowledge assertively, and, as we propose in this paper, knowing how to be a researcher in a digital environment.