During the first COVID-19 related confinement in Portugal, there was a decrease in the levels of psychological symptoms measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (March to April 2020). Upon experiencing a new period of restraints in 2021, the psychological impact of this sample was assessed again (N = 322, two more time points). It was expected that the psychological symptoms evidenced in February 2021 would be at similar levels to those found in April 2020, leading to a transfer of adaptation. Contrary to our hypothesis, in the second confinement in Portugal there were higher levels of depression and stress symptoms than at the beginning of the pandemic. On the other hand, the maximum level of anxiety was observed in March 2020. It seems that our perception of the threats in 2021 was not the same as at the onset of COVID-19, or that knowledge was not disseminated to the general population to increase their mental health literacy and help them cope with the imposed challenges.

There has been a growing interest in the use of remote interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-the gold-standard treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), to deal with the barriers associated with face-to-face approaches. We performed a meta-analytic aggregation of the literature to characterize the efficacy of internet-based CBT (iCBT) in adult OCD patients. Our findings showed large effect sizes of iCBT in improving OCD symptoms in pre to post (g = 1.14), pre to follow-up (g = 1.16), and between control and experimental groups (g = 0.81). While iCBT seems a promising approach for reducing OCD symptoms, further research is needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of iCBT for OCD in contexts beyond clinical trials, that is, integrated in routine health care.

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The use of invasive mechanical ventilatory support has been increasingly used in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency, since it replaces the respiratory work while reversing the pathological processes that led to its necessity, allowing the recovery of respiratory function. The critical patient's ventilatory weaning requires a rigorous assessment by qualified professionals to reduce complications and the eventual need for (re) intubation, referring to the design and implementation of rehabilitation nursing programs. The nurse specialist in rehabilitation nursing intervenes in an early, autonomous, and differentiated way, avoiding complications and incapacities, promoting effective ventilatory weaning. This integrative review of the literature made evident the gains obtained in the critical patient undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and included in an early rehabilitation program, revealing significant impact for both the patient and the hospital institution.