A variação temporal da comunidade microbiana (bactérias, picofitoplâncton total e nanoheterótrofos) nas águas de Ubatuba (23°S 45°W) foi estudada durante um período de 7 dias (de 27/02 a 04/03/1988). As amostras foram obtidas na termoclina, duas vezes ao dia (na estôfa da maré baixa e da maré alta durante o período diurno. A densidade de nanoheterótrofos variou de 0,9 a 3,5 x 10³ cels m-1 apresentando valor médio de 2,3 x 10³ cels m-1. Picofitoplâncton total foi representado principalmente por cianobactérias cocóides e sua denside de variocões de 1,0 a 7,6 x 10(6) cels m-1. O número de bactérias variou de 1,0 a 2,7 x 10 cels m-l . A população bacteriana apresentou um padrão de oscilação defasado em relação a variação das concentrações de CI a. O intervalo de tempo entre os valores máximos de Cl a e as densidades máximas de bactéria foi de aproximadamente 24 horas. No início do período de estudo, a interrelação entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias-picofitoplâncton foi caracterizada por uma oscilação inversa, sugerindo uma interação predador- presa. A partir do dia 02 de março as 3 populações variaram quase que em fase. As influências das condições meteorológicas, do movimento das marés e da predação por microzooplâncton e metazoários são discutidas. A despeito dos vários fatores que podem afetar as interrelações entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias- picofitoplâncton parece que o padrão observado não é errático e pode estar expressando uma intensa atividade predatória.
A variação temporal da comunidade microbiana (bactérias, picofitoplâncton total e nanoheterótrofos) nas águas de Ubatuba (23°S 45°W) foi estudada durante um período de 7 dias (de 27/02 a 04/03/1988). As amostras foram obtidas na termoclina, duas vezes ao dia (na estôfa da maré baixa e da maré alta durante o período diurno. A densidade de nanoheterótrofos variou de 0,9 a 3,5 x 10³ cels m-1 apresentando valor médio de 2,3 x 10³ cels m-1. Picofitoplâncton total foi representado principalmente por cianobactérias cocóides e sua denside de variocões de 1,0 a 7,6 x 10(6) cels m-1. O número de bactérias variou de 1,0 a 2,7 x 10 cels m-l . A população bacteriana apresentou um padrão de oscilação defasado em relação a variação das concentrações de CI a. O intervalo de tempo entre os valores máximos de Cl a e as densidades máximas de bactéria foi de aproximadamente 24 horas. No início do período de estudo, a interrelação entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias-picofitoplâncton foi caracterizada por uma oscilação inversa, sugerindo uma interação predador- presa. A partir do dia 02 de março as 3 populações variaram quase que em fase. As influências das condições meteorológicas, do movimento das marés e da predação por microzooplâncton e metazoários são discutidas. A despeito dos vários fatores que podem afetar as interrelações entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias- picofitoplâncton parece que o padrão observado não é errático e pode estar expressando uma intensa atividade predatória.
An investigation on the temporal variation of the planktonic microbial community (bacteria, total picophytoplankton and nanoheterotrophs) was undertaken over 7 days period (from February 27 to March 4, 1988) in a coastal region of Ubatuba (23°8, 45°W). Samples were obtained at the thermocline twice daily (at high and low tides) during daylight time. Average density of nanoheterotrophs (Nh) was 2.3 x 10³ cells m-l, ranging from 0.9 to 3.5 x 10 cells mrl. Total picophytoplankton was represfnted mostly by chroococcoid cyanobacteria and varie2 from 1.0 tp 7.6 x 10(4) cells m-l. Bacterial numbers ranged from 1.0 to 2.7 x 10(6) cells m-l. The oscillation pattern displayed by the bacterial populations was out of phase in relation to Chl-a variation. The time interval between Chl-a peak and the bacterial one was approximately 24 hours. At the beginning of studied period, the interrelationship between nanoheterotrophs and bacteria-picophytoplankton was characterized bya coupled oscillation, suggesting a predator- prey Interaction. During the last three days (Marsh 2-4) the densities of three populations have fluctuated in phase. The influences of weather conditions, tIdal movements, and predation by microzooplankton and metazoans are discussed. Many factors can affect the relationships between nanoheterotrophs and bacterial-picophytoplankton, but the oscillation pattern observed in this report are not fortuitous and may indicate an intense predation activity of nanoheterotrophs on pico-organisms
Heterotrophic nanoflagellate Pseudobodo tremulans (4.8 to 7.0 µm) and heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from coastal waters in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil, were used in experiments to analyze quantitatively the relationships between bacteria and nanoflagellates. The meaning of these results for the role of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the Ubatuba coastal ecosystem is discussed.Keys words: nanoflagellate, heterotrophic bacteria, coastal ecosystem, bacterivory It has been widely accepted that a highly dynamic microbial loop consisting of pelagic bacteria, autotrophic pico-and nanoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagelattes and microciliates is an integral part of planktonic food webs (3). Protozoa in the size range between 2 -20µm (nanoplankton) are the major consumers of free-living pelagic bacteria in the sea (15). Several investigations on the dynamics of microbial loop have used a combination of laboratory and field methods (2, 12). The present investigation aims to quantify the bacterivory by a heterotrophic nanoplanktonic flagellate in in vitro conditions in order to get some indication of the importance of bacteria and nanoflagelattes in the Ubatuba coastal water ecosystem.Surface seawater samples were collected in Ubatuba coastal region (southeast of Brazilian coast -23 o S 25 o W). The system is considered to be mesooligotrophic and is characterized by temperatures ranging from 14 to 24 o C and salinities between 35 and 36. The primary production is low and nitrogen has been considered to be its main limiting factor (1).Water samples were enriched with sterile rice grains and incubated at 20 o C during 10 days before use. A heterotrophic nanoplanktonic flagellate (4.8 to 7.0 µm) identified as Pseudobodo tremulans was isolated from these enrichment cultures by micropipeting and a heterotrophic bacteria was isolated from the same enrichment by direct plating onto rice agar (9). The isolated microorganisms were maintained in stock cultures using a broth culture media (9) prepared with natural seawater and sterile rice grains, in the dark at 20 o C (ambient water temperature at sampling time).The experiments were carried out in duplicate and represented two different situations. In the first experimental procedure, the two microorganisms were grown without Cycloheximide, whereas in the second, microorganisms were grown in the presence
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