materials are typically developed at a critical length of under 100 nm. However, other phenomena, such as transparency and stable dispersion, can occasionally extend the upper limit, and the use of the prefix "nano" is accepted for dimensions smaller than 500 nm. [2] Two relevant factors differentiate nanomaterials from macroscopic materials: first, the quantum effect that can promote changes in physical properties, such as color and electrical conductivity, and second, the surface effect related to the increased surface area to volume ratio that favors physical and chemical interactions between atoms and the surrounding environment. [3] NPs are of the same order of magnitude as antibodies, membrane receptors, nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules, thus representing a potential material to be used in medicine for imaging applications, diagnosis, therapies, or in medical devices. [4] The small size and large surface area of NPs facilitate their permeation through cell membranes and enhance their biological activity. [5] Microbial colonization of medical devices leads to the formation of microbial or fungal biofilms, which are complex assemblages of microbial cells associated with a surface and incorporated into an extracellular matrix. [6] Biofilms are critical clinical issues because they culminate in the pathogenesis of numerous bacterial infections that are difficult to treat and effectively eradicate with antibiotics. [7] Biofilm formation can occur in three stages: attachment, maturation, and dispersion. The attachment step can be further categorized in two-stage processes: initial reversible attachment and irreversible attachment, in which the attached biofilm can tolerate strong shear forces. [8] The bacteria deposition is mediated by sedimentation, Brownian motion, and hydrodynamic forces, whereas adhesion is governed by Van der Waals, acid-base, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interaction forces. [9] Attachment is the most crucial phase to prevent bacterial adhesion because the antimicrobial action becomes less effective after biofilm formation. [10] Medical devices commonly affected by microbial contamination and biofilm formation are catheters, probes, and wound dressings. Catheters are used in patients to administer fluids, blood products, and parenteral nutrition. [6] Most nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) are associated with the insertion and maintenance of central venous catheters Nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity are promising alternatives to overcome microbial resistance in medical devices. Catheters, probes, and wound dressings are among the medical devices mostly affected by microbial contamination and the formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Nanoparticles (NPs) derived from natural sources, such as chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), and metal-based nanoparticles, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are receiving increased interest in nanomedicine. CsNPs have been widely explored as a coating material and antimicrobial agent. AgNPs have a strong antimicrobi...