-Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a polifagous insect of major economic impact in the western hemisphere and exhibits two strains (i.e., corn and rice) that are morphologically identical but differ in ecology, genetics and physiology. In this work we identifi ed these strains and their respective hybrids by using a PCR-RFLP of the COI gene and PCR of the tandem region FR. Moreover, we performed a population structure analysis by using 253 larvae from Tolima, a region where S. frugiperda is a pest on corn, rice, sorghum and cotton. Corn strain was found on 42% in corn, 34% in cotton, 19% in sorghum and 0.04 % in rice and rice strain on 35% in corn, 0.06% in cotton, 0.06% in sorghum and 53% in rice, demonstrating that corn strain specifi city is superior to rice strain. Hybrids between these strains were more abundant in corn. The distributions on their host plants refl ect a population genetic differentiation in S. frugiperda with values of PhiPT (COI) = 0.31, P < 0.0001, PhiPT (FR) = 0.17, P < 0.0001 for all crops and PhiPT (COI) = 0.42, P < 0.01, PhiPT (FR) = 0.13, P < 0.01 for the sixteen sampled farms. The dendrograms showed two clusters representing both strains. The results obtained in this study suggest that the management of this insect must differ on each host plant, given the specialization that both strains present, particularly in corn and rice.
Spodoptera frugiperda es un insecto considerado plaga primaria del cultivo de maíz y secundaria en arroz, algodón, sorgo y pastizales. Presenta dos biotipos (maíz y arroz) casi idénticos morfológicamente, pero difieren en su composición genética, resistencia hacia insecticidas y Bacillus thuringiensis, siendo el biotipo de maíz más resistente respecto al biotipo de arroz. Este trabajo es la primera identificación molecular en Colombia de estos biotipos a partir de larvas recolectadas en cultivos de maíz, arroz y algodón en el departamento del Tolima, con el uso de una PCR-RFLP a nivel del gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa I para identificar al biotipo de maíz, y una PCR de la región tandem FR del ADN nuclear para identificar biotipo de arroz. Los resultados diferenciaron tres poblaciones de S. frugiperda: a) biotipo de maíz, compuesto por individuos que generaron digestiones con la enzima MspI del gen COI, b) biotipo de arroz compuesto por individuos que generaron amplificaciones de peso moleculares mayores a 500 pb con el marcador FR, y finalmente c) un grupo de individuos clasificados como “híbridos” entre estos dos marcadores, producto del cruce entre hembras del biotipo de maíz y machos del biotipo de arroz y viceversa. Los individuos genotipificados como biotipo de maíz se recolectaron en cultivos de maíz y algodón exclusivamente y los individuos genotipificados como biotipo de arroz en cultivos de arroz principalmente y en bajas proporciones en cultivos de maíz y algodón.
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