Thermal lesions were produced in 12 male Wistar rats, positioning a massive aluminum bar 10 mm in diameter (51 g), preheated to 99°C ± 2°C/10 min. on the back of each animal for 15 sec. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, animals were euthanized. The edema intensity was mild, with no bubble and formation of a thick and dry crust from the 3rd day. The percentage of tissue shrinkage at 28 days was 66.67 ± 1.66%. There was no sign of infection, bleeding, or secretion. Within 28 days reepithelialization was incomplete, with fibroblastic proliferation and moderate fibrosis and presence of modeled dense collagen fibers. It is concluded that the model established is applicable in obtaining deep second-degree thermal burns in order to evaluate the healing action of therapeutic agents of topical use.

The majority of human tumors bear inactive p53 or cellular factors that down-regulate the expression and activity of the p53 network. Therefore, finding therapies that are effective in such tumors is of great interest. Usnic acid, a normal component of lichens, showed activity against the wild-type p53 breast cancer cell line MCF7 as well as the non-functional p53 breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the lung cancer cell line H1299 (null for p53). In MCF7 cells treated with usnic acid, although there was an accumulation of p53 and p21 proteins, the transcriptional activity of p53 remained unaffected. We also found that there was no phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 after treatment of MCF7 cells with usnic acid, suggesting that the oxidative stress and disruption of the normal metabolic processes of cells triggered by usnic acid does not involve DNA damage. The property of usnic acid as a non-genotoxic anti-cancer agent that works in a p53-independent manner makes it a potential candidate for novel cancer therapy.

O efeito do polissacarídeo de Anacardium occidentale L. (POLICAJU) foi avaliado na fase inflamatória do processo cicatricial em camundongos (Mus musculus) Swiss (n=90), organizados de acordo com o tratamento empregado: Grupo I (NaCl 150mM), Grupo II (ácido ascórbico 75mg ml-1) e Grupo III (emulsão contendo POLICAJU 150mg ml-1 preparado em ácido ascórbico 75mg ml-1). As lesões cutâneas foram realizadas assepticamente na região torácica dorsal e cada ferida foi tratada em dose única (200µl) imediatamente após a cirurgia. As feridas foram avaliadas diariamente sob o ponto de vista clínico e histopatológico até o 6° dia de pós-operatório (PO). No 5° dia PO, observou-se um menor percentual de edema e hiperemia no Grupo III em relação aos grupos controle, ao passo que os valores de área da ferida e do percentual de contração não foram estatisticamente significativos. A avaliação histopatológica do grupo tratado com POLICAJU demonstrou a presença de tecido de granulação fibrovascular no 6° dia PO, enquanto os grupos controle apresentavam tecido de granulação com padrão vascular. O tratamento proposto propiciou sinais flogísticos menos acentuados (edema e hiperemia) durante o período inflamatório, compatível com o processo de reparação mais avançado do ponto de vista histopatológico, sugerindo a possível utilização clínica da emulsão contendo POLICAJU.

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between HbA 1c levels and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in individuals without diabetes. Methods We searched Medline, Embase and Scopus from initiation of the study until the end of 2009. One reviewer searched and another verified findings. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another. We accepted prospective studies in any language reporting three or more quartiles for HbA 1c levels. Within quartiles, authors must have presented both numbers of patient-years at risk and cardiovascular outcomes. Outcomes per person-time at risk were regressed on average HbA 1c values using Poisson regression. We pooled β coefficients using Cochran's semiweighted (inverse variance) random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Downs-Black scale. Results We investigated 16 datasets (nine for total cardiovascular events and seven for death) from five papers with 44,158 patients (44% men) over 404,899 patient-years of follow-up. There were 1,366 cardiovascular deaths (3.1%; 3.37/1,000 person-years) and 2,142 cardiovascular events (4.9%; 5.29/1,000 person-years). The overall meta-analytic β coefficients were 0.720 (95% CI 0.307-1.133) and 0.757 (95% CI 0.382-1.132) for cardiac death and events, respectively. Compared with the baseline value of 0.0427, an HbA 1c level of 0.05 was associated with a relative risk for cardiovascular death of 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.21), a 0.06 value with 1.34 (95% CI 1.13-1.58), and a 0.07 HbA 1c with relative risk 1.58 (95% CI 1.22-2.06). Results for total cardiovascular events were similar. The average study quality was 0.7 (70%). Conclusions/interpretation We conclude that HbA 1c was significantly associated with cardiovascular events and deaths in persons without diabetes.

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