Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da vida em fadiga de baixo ciclo controlada por deformação (curvas ε a -N f ) de fios de NiTi rompidos em ensaios de flexão rotativa. Foram ensaiados fios de NiTi superelástico, austenítico estável, bifásico e martensítico estável sob amplitudes de deformação variando de 0,6% a 12%, além de um fio de aço inoxidável austenítico sob amplitudes de deformação de 0,4% a 1,1%. As curvas ε a -N f foram comparadas entre si e com as encontradas na literatura. Os valores de vida em fadiga dos fios de NiTi são superiores aos do aço inoxidável austenítico em todas as condições estudadas. As curvas ε a -N f dos fios de NiTi bifásico e superelástico, sob amplitude de deformação inferiores a 4%, são coerentes com as da literatura e próximas à curva do fio austenítico estável. Sob amplitudes de deformação maiores, a vida em fadiga passa a crescer com a deformação, até que seja atingida a região próxima à curva do fio martensítico estável. Esse comportamento incomum resulta numa curva em forma de "Z". Tais resultados estão possivelmente vinculados à inibição da transformação martensítica na ponta da trinca, devida à redução de volume que a acompanha, até que ocorra transformação generalizada do material.
Superelasticity is closely related to shape memory effect. It refers to the property presented by some materials submitted to large strains (usually up to about 8%) to restore their original shape immediately after unloading without the need of heating. This phenomenon results directly from a diffusionless transformation of the material from an austenitic to a martensitic phase (martensitic transformation). The recovering mechanism is the reverse transformation, from martensite to austenite. This paper compares fatigue live curves obtained in bending-rotation fatigue tests carried out on wires of NiTi alloys with three different microstructures, stable austenite, unstable austenite (superelastic), and stable martensite. These curves are also compared to data from the literature. The tests were strain controlled and the wires were submitted to strain amplitudes from 0.6% to 12.0%. To minimize changes in material properties, the wire temperature was monitored using a thermocouple and controlled by its rotation speed. For strain amplitudes up to 4%, the εa-Nf curve for superelastic wires was consistent with those reported in the literature, closely approaching the curve of the stable austenite wire. For higher strain amplitudes, fatigue life of superelastic wires increased with strain until it approached the fatigue life curve of stable martensitic wire. This unusual behavior results in a “Z-shaped” curve for high strain values. It is possibly linked to the changes in microstructure and fatigue properties that occur when the superelastic material is deformed.
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