This study simulated the water scarcity footprint (WSF) of cocoa irrigation in municipalities considered suitable for cocoa growing in the state of Bahia, according to agro climatic zoning. Irrigation demand was calculated using the model proposed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Subsequently, impact on water scarcity was calculated using the product of crop irrigation demand and water scarcity characterization factors of the regionalized AWARE method for Brazil. The WSF in Bahia ranged between 0.28 and 646.5 m³ of water per kilo of cocoa produced. From the defined scale, of the 417 municipalities in Bahia suitable for growing cocoa, 59% have a 'low' footprint, 18% 'medium', 10% 'high', and 12% have a 'very high' footprint. Based on these results, it is suggested that areas with lower WSF are a priority in the expansion of cocoa to avoid a possible compromise of other essential demands of the municipalities. In addition, irrigation should avoid waste, especially in regions with high levels of water scarcity. The results show that the inclusion of the WSF in agroclimatic zoning can contribute to the process of identifying potential and critical regions for new crops and the expansion of others. Keywords: agriculture, agroclimatic zoning, AWARE, environmental indicator.
Este trabalho avalia as pegadas de carbono e hídrica da água de coco, um importante produto da região Nordeste. Foram coletados dados em fazendas do Ceará, localizadas nos municípios de Trairi, Paraipaba, Acaraú e Camocim, além de analisado sistema de produção publicado na literatura para coqueiro anão verde. As pegadas são calculadas com base nas normas ISO 14046/67, considerando a produção de 1L de água de coco. A pegada de carbono é avaliada pela categoria mudanças climáticas (IPCC), enquanto o perfil de pegada hídrica abrange as seguintes categorias e métodos de avaliação: escassez hídrica (AWARE), toxicidade humana, câncer, não-câncer e ecotoxicidade (USETox), eutrofização marinha e de águas doces (ReCiPe). Os resultados mostram que a água de coco produzida em Acaraú apresenta menor pegada de carbono e hídrica em relação à produzida na fazenda de referência. Já a água de coco de Trairi obteve a pior pegada de carbono, enquanto Camocim, a pior pegada hídrica. A maior redução da pegada de carbono ocorre quando o pomar de coco é instalado em área desmatada e/ou cultivada com cultura temporária, há mais de 20 anos. No caso da pegada hídrica, as maiores reduções de pegada ocorrem com menor uso de fertilizante nitrogenado e água na irrigação.
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