Background and Aims: Phosphate (Pi) is one of the most limiting nutrients for agricultural production in Brazilian soils due to low soil Pi concentrations and rapid fixation of fertilizer Pi by adsorption to oxidic minerals and/or precipitation by iron and aluminum ions. The objectives of this study were to quantify phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency in cultivars of the species Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora L., and group them in terms of efficiency and response to Pi availability.Methods: Plants of 21 cultivars of C. arabica and four cultivars of C. canephora were grown under contrasting soil Pi availabilities. Biomass accumulation, tissue P concentration and accumulation and efficiency indices for P use were measured.Key Results: Coffee plant growth was significantly reduced under low Pi availability, and P concentration was higher in cultivars of C. canephora. The young leaves accumulated more P than any other tissue. The cultivars of C. canephora had a higher root/shoot ratio and were significantly more efficient in P uptake, while the cultivars of C. arabica were more efficient in P utilization. Agronomic P use efficiency varied among coffee cultivars and E16 Shoa, E22 Sidamo, Iêmen and Acaiá cultivars were classified as the most efficient and responsive to Pi supply. A positive correlation between P uptake efficiency and root to shoot ratio was observed across all cultivars at low Pi supply. These data identify Coffea genotypes better adapted to low soil Pi availabilities, and the traits that contribute to improved P uptake and use efficiency. These data could be used to select current genotypes with improved P uptake or utilization efficiencies for use on soils with low Pi availability and also provide potential breeding material and targets for breeding new cultivars better adapted to the low Pi status of Brazilian soils. This could ultimately reduce the use of Pi fertilizers in tropical soils, and contribute to more sustainable coffee production.

Nutrient analysis is used to estimate nutrient content of crop plants to manage fertilizer application for sustained crop production. Direct solid analysis of agricultural and environmental samples by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) was chosen as alternative technique to evaluate the simultaneous multielemental quantification of the most important essential elements in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and certified reference materials made from leaves were used to calibrate and check the trueness of EDXRF method for the determination of the concentration of several nutrients in coffee leaves and branches. Fluorescence spectrometry proved to be advantageous and presented low cost as loose powder samples could be used. Samples collected from a field experiment where coffee plants were treated with excess of Ni and Zn were used to verify the practical application of the method. Good relationships were achieved between certified values and data obtained by EDXRF, with recoveries ranging from 82 to 117 %.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a alocação de fotoassimilados em frutos e folhas de cafeeiro arábico, da antese à maturação, em duas altitudes. O experimento foi constituído da variedade de cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L.) Catuaí IAC-44, cultivada a 720 e 950 m de altitude, no Município de Martins Soares, MG. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições, em um esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo. Na altitude de 720 m o acúmulo de amido, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e açúcares não-redutores em frutos de cafeeiro deu-se em menor tempo. O acúmulo de amido na altitude de 720 m antecedeu o acúmulo de amido na altitude de 950 m, e os frutos apresentaram maior porcentagem de acúmulo relativo desse composto no estádio de expansão rápida. Neste estádio, a concentração de carboidratos em folhas dos 3 o e 4 o pares decresceu bruscamente, indicando ser este o período mais crítico para a concentração de carboidratos em folhas. A altitude influencia a alocação de fotoassimilados em frutos e a variação da concentração de carboidratos em folhas de cafeeiro.Termos para indexação: Coffea arabica, fisiologia vegetal, carboidratos, temperatura. Assimilates allocation in fruits and leaves of coffee plants cultivated in two altitudesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the allocation of carbohydrates in fruits of Arabic coffee plant during the period comprised among the anthesis and maturation in two different altitudes, as well as, the variation in its content in leaves of these productive branches. The experiment was constituted of the coffee plant variety (Coffea arabica L.) Catuaí IAC-44 cultivated at 720 and 950 m above the sea level in Martins Soares, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with three repetitions using splitplot in time scheme. The altitude of 720 m contributed to an acceleration in the accumulation of starch, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar in coffee plant fruits. The accumulation of starch in the altitude of 720 m preceded the accumulation in the altitude of 950 m, presenting larger earning percentage in the fruit fast expansion stadium. In this stadium, carbohydrate concentrations in leaves in the 3 rd and 4 th leave pairs of productive branches decreased abruptly indicating that this is the most critic period for the carbohydrate concentrations in leaves. Altitude influenced the extension of the cycle, as well as the assimilate accumulation by fruits and that variation in coffee plant leaves.

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ABSTRACT. Among micronutrients, zinc (Zn) is important for coffee tree cultivation, especially in the clayey acid soils of Brazil's southeast region, where coffee production is an important activity. This study aimed to evaluate the Zn use efficiency of coffee tree varieties using two zinc concentrations. Seedlings of 11 varieties of coffee trees were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solution containing either 0.0 or 6.0 μmol L -1 of Zn. After eight months, we evaluated the total biomass production, leaf biomass production, concentration of Zn in the plant organs, absorption efficiency, and Zn use efficiency. All characteristics were affected by the Zn concentration. The biomass production of apical leaves was most affected by the Zn treatments, with high variability for the studied varieties. The 'IPR-103' variety had the highest Zn use efficiency, and the 'San Ramon' and 'San Bernardo' varieties had the lowest Zn use efficiency. The 'Rubi' variety had a high and low Zn use efficiency when grown at 0.0 and 6.0 μmol L -1 of zinc, respectively. The 'Oeiras' variety had a low Zn use efficiency when cultivated at 6.0 μmol L -1 of zinc. The other varieties studied were moderately efficient in their use of zinc.Keywords: Coffea arabica L., micronutrient, zinc content, nutritional efficiency.Caracterização da eficiência do uso de zinco em variedades de café arábica RESUMO. Dentre os micronutrientes, o Zn é um dos mais importantes para o cafeeiro, especialmente em solos argilosos e ácidos do sudeste brasileiro, onde seu cultivo é uma importante atividade econômica. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de uso do zinco por variedades de cafeeiro cultivadas em doses contrastantes do elemento. Mudas de 11 variedades foram cultivadas, em casa de vegetação, em solução nutritiva, com duas concentrações de zinco (0,0 e 6,0 μmol L -1 ). Após oito meses determinaram-se: biomassa seca dos órgãos da planta, concentração de zinco, eficiências de absorção, de produção de biomassa, de produção de biomassa foliar e de utilização de zinco. A concentração de zinco fornecida afetou todas as características avaliadas. A produção de biomassa seca de folhas apicais foi a mais afetada, proporcionando grande variabilidade de resposta entre as variedades. A variedade IPR-103 foi a mais eficiente no uso de zinco, as variedades San Ramon e São Bernardo as menos eficientes. A 'Rubi' apresentou alta e baixa eficiência de utilização de zinco quando cultivada nas doses 0,0 e 6,0 μmol L -1 . A variedade Oeiras apresentou baixa eficiência de utilização na dose de 6,0 μmol L -1 . As demais variedades estudadas foram moderadamente eficientes no uso do elemento. Palavras-chave:Coffea arabica L., micronutrientes, conteúdo de Zn, eficiência nutricional.