Guaranteeing fair competition has been a guiding principle of Union action since the beginnings of the European Economic Community. Anti-competitive activities in the internal market, such as agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition, or abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position are prohibited as incompatible with the internal market. Over the years, a vast body of regulatory and soft law instruments, as well as the Commission's decisions and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union have built up to handle a variety of complex issues associated with creating a level-playing field for undertakings in the internal market.* This work has been fully supported by the University of Rijeka under the project uniri-drustv-18-252 "Legal aspects of the digital transformation of society"

U radu se raspravlja o konceptu ekonomije dijeljenja za koji se smatra da zajedno s konceptom umjetne inteligencije, upravljanjem velikim nizovima podataka (big data), 3D tiskanjem čini četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju. Razvoj ekonomije dijeljenja određen je ekonomskim, sociološkim i kulturološkim čimbenicima. O konceptu ekonomije dijeljenja može se raspravljati s gledišta prava zaštite potrošača, radnih odnosa, zaštite osobnih podataka, prava tržišnog natjecanja, državnih potpora i mnogih drugih područja. Javlja se potreba za ponovim ispitivanjem tradicionalnih koncepata u novim tržišnim okolnostima. Postojeći koncepti sve se teže mogu uklopiti u nove modele. U radu će se pokušati ukazati na utjecaj ekonomije dijeljenja na određene aspekte prava tržišnog natjecanja. Pravila o novim poslovnim modelima višestruko utječu na sve tržišne dionike. Potrebno ih je definirati i uklopiti u postojeće tržišne odnose. Koncept ekonomije dijeljenja djeluje na poduzetnike, tržišnu strukturu, način definiranja mjerodavnog tržišta te utvrđivanje eventualnih zlouporaba i ostalih kršenja pravila tržišnog natjecanja. Javlja se potreba za ponovnim propitivanjem postojećih definicija i njihovom fleksibilnijom primjenom na inovativne poslovne modele.

The new technologies, digitalization, algorithms, big data, artificial intelligence are already changing our lives and commercial habits. The technological revolution with new products and services is transforming the market and business operators. There is a general understanding that new technological improvements benefit competition. The question is, whether competition models are adequate and ready to deal with the challenges associated with new technologies. In recent years, there has been a revived interest in the concept of innovation and its application in competition policy and law. However, proper examination of its influence on competition policy is lacking. During the last decades, there have been attempts to explain the relationship between competition and innovation by including various innovation models in competition analysis. The innovation instruments have developed. Despite these developments, there are still diametrically opposed theoretical approaches, from completely ignoring the concept of innovation in competition law to the ones that develop a specific economic test in competition analysis. This paper will try to analyze and compare different approaches to the intersection of competition and innovation. Systematic theories that assess innovation in the context of competition are scarce. Competition authorities have been focused on issues of consumer and social welfare, rather than on the impact of innovation on the competition. * This work has been fully supported by the University of Rijeka under the project uniri-drustv-18-252 "Legal aspects of the digital transformation of society".

Umjetna inteligencija je sve više dio naše svakodnevnice. Sastavni je dio našega poslovnog okruženja, obrazovanja, kućanstva, svakodnevnog iskustva i slobodnog vremena. Predviđa se da će biti jedan od najvećih pokretača gospodarskoga rasta. Dok je prije nekoliko desetljeća možda i bila dvojba treba li ta pitanja uopće regulirati, današnji ubrzani razvoj nameće potrebu razmatranja pristupa i metode regulacije. Prisutna je dvojba koliko se uopće mogu regulirati novi tehnološki procesi koji se neprestano mijenjaju i napreduju. Zbog toga je vrlo važno definirati određene procese. Poteškoća je što se stalno otvaraju nova područja i novi elementi te nema sveobuhvatne i opće definicije pojma umjetne inteligencije. U radu će se ukazati na aktualne izazove umjetne inteligencije u Europskoj uniji. Na primjeru sigurnosti proizvoda i odgovornosti za štetu izazvanu uporabom sustava umjetne inteligencije te uporabom algoritama u pravu tržišnog natjecanja raspravit će se potreba uvođenja novih, odnosno prilagodba postojećih pravnih pravila. Zaključuje se kako su nužna minimalna zajednička pravila koja će uspostaviti ravnotežu između razvoja i promicanja inovacija te potrebe za pravnom sigurnošću uz poštovanje moralnih, etičkih i socioloških standarda.

Freedom to provide services is one of the cornerstones of the EU internal market. Facilitated by the digital technologies, new and innovative service markets are emerging. However, innovations often bump into existing obstacles. Whether constrained by inadequate regulatory environment, or opposition from existing service providers in the market, the fact remains that 'old economy' is not ready for innovation. The free movement of services is not so 'free' when it is about services in a non-harmonized field or when the particular type of service is for some reason awarded a 'special' status in primary or secondary EU law. The services in the field of transport, for example, fall under the EU's competences in the field of common transport policy and their provision is still, to a large extent, left to the regulation at the Member States' level. The problem arises when innovative services, such as those associated with ICT and digital economy, are labeled as and molded into existing services, because there is simply no appropriate regulatory framework to recognize their innovativeness. This paper will analyze and critically evaluate the legal challenges of service provision in the online platform economy and offer possible guidelines for the creation of a suitable legal framework for their operation.