The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the extent and quality of voluntarily disclosed information regarding intellectual capital (IC) are correlated with certain characteristics of a company. IC is very important for IT companies. Therefore, financial and non-financial statements of 32 high-tech companies were investigated using the content analysis method. To test the influence of firm characteristics on the intellectual capital disclosure index (ICDI), the regression model was used. The size of the firm was the only independent variable that has had a statistically significant influence on the ICDI. The auditor type, as well as financial ratios, have not shown a statistically significant influence on the extent and quality of IC disclosures. This study reflects the state regarding the voluntary IC disclosures in Croatia and therefore the study may be a roadmap for further research and, more importantly, might promote awareness of the importance of transparent reporting.Generally, intangibles, IAs, and IC are often used interchangeably with the same general meaning. There are various definitions of IC which exist in literature. Edvinsson, Malone and Brooking, the pioneers when it comes to IC, have a similar but a bit different view on the IC components. According to Brooking, IC divides into human-centered assets, infrastructure assets, intellectual property assets, and market assets, while Edvinsson and Malone have divided IC into human capital, structural capital (organizational, process, and innovation capital), and customer capital [1]. Sullivan [2] has summarized the several definitions of IC, as defined by the pioneers into the field of knowledge creation: "Hubert Saint-Onge defines knowledge capital as the sum of human capital (the capabilities of the individuals required to provide solutions to customers); customer capital (the depth, width, attachment, and profitability of the franchise); and structural capital (the organizational capabilities of the organization to meet market requirements); Leif Edvinson of Skandia defines it as "the sum of the firm's human and structural capital."; and Tom Stewart of Fortune magazine defines IC as "the intangible assets of skill, knowledge, and information." As defined by Larry Prusak, IC is "intellectual material that has been formalized, captured, and leveraged to produce higher-valued assets [3]." Bounfour and Edvinson [4] state that "at the corporate level, intangible investments (research and development or R&D, innovation, knowledge creation and fertilization, marketing and advertising expenditures) are now unanimously considered the most important sources of performance." "The intellectual capital (IC) held by a firm can be thought of as a form of 'unaccounted capital' within the traditional accounting system… described as the knowledge-based equity that supports the knowledge-based assets of a firm [5]." According to the words of Choo and Bontis [6] "as long as the economic forces embrace new knowledge-intensive industries, the field of intellectual...

This special issue of Business Systems Research (SI of the BSR) highlights the past, current and future perspectives of digitalization in teaching economic disciplines. The emphasis has been put on digital competencies, the quality of e-learning, e-exams, digital tools, gamification, and digital and mobile technologies used in the teaching process in the field of economics. The main focus groups of the research are teachers and students from the economic field of education at both university and secondary school levels. Seven papers selected for this SI of the BSR present the digitalization era’s impact on teaching economic disciplines. The conducted research and publication of the papers are funded under the project “Challenges and practices of teaching economic disciplines in era of digitalization” (project no. 2020-1-HR01-KA202-077771), which is co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union.

Background: In this paper, the focus is on the application of digital and mobile technologies as supporting tools for the implementation of gamification in the field of education of future economists. Objectives: The paper’s main objective is to explore whether educators and students are motivated and willing to apply additional technologies as main gamification components in their work and education. Moreover, the paper aims to assess how their more comprehensive application affects the quality of teaching, work flexibility, new learning opportunities, and outcomes. Methods/Approach: The survey method was used to collect answers from educators and students primarily interested in accounting, finance, trade and tourism from higher and secondary education institutions in Croatia, Poland, Serbia and Germany. Afterwards, the responses were compared using statistical methods. Results: Research results confirm that educators and students are willing to use gamification in teaching. Still, they also expressed the need for better administrative support in using particular e-learning tools. Surprisingly, educators are more eager to use gamification in their work than students. Conclusions: The study’s general conclusion is that educators and students are both aware of the advantages of using e-learning tools provided through digital and mobile technologies and are eager to implement more gamification in the teaching process. However, continuous education in applying new digital technologies is needed on both sides.

Timely access to information and business transparency make the foundation for business success. Companies present their financial position and financial performance through the financial statements. As a financial information is not the only relevant factor of business value creation, presentation of non-financial information brings added value to different stakeholders. For the purpose of more transparent business operations and international comparability of the presented data, it is especially important that reports are compiled according to internationally accepted rules. The paper has sought to investigate whether Croatian companies recognize benefits of integrated reporting. The aim of the paper was to identify whether and to what extent largest companies in Croatia present the information regarding their intellectual capital, principle customers, business partners, environmental considerations, future plans, investments, market conditions, and further expectations of business development. Based on the research results, suggestions for improvement of the non-financial reporting in Croatia have been given.

The term sustainable development is understood as such socio-economic development in which the process of integrating political, economic and social activities takes place, while maintain-ing natural balance and the durability of basic natural processes, in order to ensure the possibility of satisfying the basic needs of individual communities or citizens of both the modern generation, and future generations. Sustainable development has three dimensions: ecological, economic and social. A consequence of the growing importance of social and ecological aspects of business operations is the increased interest and requirements for reporting, understood as a set of reports containing both financial and non-financial information. This chapter covers the concept of sustainable development, CSR and explains the role, goals and challenges of social responsibility accounting.CSR reporting has become some kind of a trend in non-financial reporting. Many large interna-tional companies make great efforts to prepare CSR reports in order to transparently communicate with their stakeholders as well as strive to achieve established social and environmental goals. CSR covers different aspects of business, with, among other things, environmental issues being highlighted. The importance of green accounting has been recognized globally where the adoption of the 2014/95/EU Directive has just further raised awareness of the importance of reporting on the environment and environmental activities. This chapter covers the basic concept and development phases of sustainable and environmental accounting, explains the role of green accounting in modern business conditions and discusses the benefits and opportunities it provides to interested users.