Summary
Approximately 80% of neotropical forests are subject to unsustainable economic practices, such as logging. Spiders are a megadiverse taxonomic group with a particularly great diversity in forest ecosystems and could help indicate the sustainability of logging operations. At six sites at 400–700 m altitude in the piedmont forest of north-western Argentina, spiders collected using pitfall traps and forest structure and spider assemblage structure variables were quantified in order to examine the association between them and to identify indicator spider families. Logging changes forest structure and seems to generate an unsuitable habitat for spiders associated with mature forests. The family taxonomic level is a good surrogate for spider morphospecies. The Mysmenidae, Nemesiidae, Theridiidae, Pholcidae, Hahniidae and Tetragnathidae families were associated with upper canopy cover of 20% or more and with more than two dead fallen trees per 0.1 ha and >15 live trees per 0.1 ha, found in unlogged forests. Bearing in mind that the piedmont forest of north-western Argentina is being logged in the absence of sustainability criteria, we suggest including spiders in monitoring schemes to complement the information obtained from more readily used groups, such as charismatic vertebrates.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which permits reproduction, adaptation, and distribution provided the original author and source are credited. Resumen Las arañas son sensibles a las alteraciones que se produzcan sobre la estructura del bosque. Para delinear pautas de manejo forestal sustentable es necesario entender cómo ésta actividad afecta a los ensambles de arañas. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la respuesta de la araneofauna al aprovechamiento forestal (AF) en la Selva Pedemontana, Argentina. Se recolectaron arañas mediante trampas de caída y se midieron variables de vegetación en un sitio con AF y uno sin aprovechamiento forestal (R). Se observó que la tasa de captura de arañas Linyphiidae fue mayor en AF y el gremio de las cursoriales en R. Las diferencias encontradas pueden atribuirse a que Linyphiidae posee una gran capacidad de colonización tras los disturbios, mientras que las arañas cursoriales muestran requerimientos de hábitat específicos, por lo que son sensibles a las modificaciones en el bosque. Los análisis canónicos de correspondencia mostraron que las arañas se asocian con la cobertura de leñosas y el desarrollo del sotobosque, sugiriendo que ellas responden de manera diferencial a los cambios en la estructura del bosque. Por ello, es necesario retener áreas intactas dentro de los sitios con aprovechamiento forestal para asegurar la conservación de las arañas.
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