SUMMARYThe growing number of publications on the subject of burnout syndrome suggests this is the most widely researched psychological workrelated outcome in the last decades. It is important to review the state of art in this phenomenon and to examine the challenging dimension that it has reached. The general objective of this paper was to carry out a systematic review of the published literature in order to characterize burnout research in Mexico. MethodsA manual search was carried out in 12 databases including Spanish or Latin American journals. All the existent articles up to July 2012 were taken into account and five criteria were defined so as to assure the comparability among the studies. Meta-analyses were estimated with the averages of the burnout dimensions and the Cronbach alpha coefficients reported. ResultsSixty-four studies were selected (n=13 801 employees); most of them were from health professionals and more than half were collected in Jalisco and Distrito Federal. The methodological analyses revealed that more than 90% of the studies were observational/cross-sectional designs, and most with data analyses that are vulnerable to the effect of confounding variables. A remarkable finding was the huge heterogeneity in the criteria used to determine the prevalence of burnout. The meta-analyses in 14 selected studies showed average burnout symptoms values of "once a month or less" within the frequency scale. DiscussionThe general balance of this review shows that the research on burnout in Mexico still has areas of opportunity. It is necessary to broaden the range of occupations and regions to improve the methodological designs and the information analyses, and to ensure the used scales have good psychometric properties. Some recommendations for future research are offered.

Introduction. The World Health Organization has estimated a significant increase in mental disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and has identified healthcare workers as a vulnerable group. In Mexico, the impact of this pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers and the psychosocial factors associated with it remain unknown. Objective. To identify levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with negative psychosocial stressors and positive psychosocial resources in healthcare workers in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. As a part of a larger project in certain Latin American countries, 269 health workers from various Mexican clinics and hospital centers initially participated in a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. Participants were recruited by targeted sampling. Various ultra-brief measures were used to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and stress and a mixed-methods exploration technique was used to identify associated psychosocial factors, which were also explored with cluster analysis. Results. We found high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (56.9% and 74.7%), as well as burnout and stress (49.8% and 46.8%). Although the stressors “infection of self” and “family infection” (38.3% and 30.9%) and the resources “family” and “personal protective equipment” (34.6% and 24.5%) were the most frequent, there were more than 20 factors in each category differentially associated with mental health. Cluster analysis made it possible to identify representative sets of psychosocial variables. Discussion and conclusion. The increased risk in mental health for health care workers is confirmed in a preliminary way and the stressors and resources to be considered in preventive strategies to address COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico are identified.

La mayoría de estudios sobre capital social y salud se realizan con grandes encuestas en hogares, olvidando que muchas interacciones entre los individuos ocurren en el ambiente laboral. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala en español para la medición del capital social en el trabajo. La escala de Kouvonen y colaboradores fue traducida al español y evaluada mediante la teoría clásica de las pruebas, la teoría de respuesta a los ítems y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Participaron 152 trabajadores de la salud mexicanos de diferentes contextos socioculturales. La consistencia interna fue alta (alfa de Cronbach= 0.88). El capital social en el trabajo se correlacionó adecuadamente con dos dimensiones del Cuestionario de Contenido del Trabajo. Se detectó un efecto techo y se cuantificó la dificultad de los ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró los componentes teóricamente esperados de vinculación, puente y confianza del capital social en el trabajo. La escala tuvo un aceptable comportamiento psicométrico, por lo que podrá ser utilizada en futuros estudios.

The aim of the study is to identify relationships between levels of burnout in a sample of Italian teachers in middle school and the quality of the classroom relational climate experienced from their students. Method: analysis identified three different teachers’ burnout profiles, defined as “Enthusiastic”, “Exhausted-Indifferent” and “Exhausted-Guilty”. ANOVA showed that were significant differences in the quality of classroom relational climate perceived by students. The Enthusiastic group was associated with better levels regarding the students’ perception about teachers support and, concerning student-peers relationship, better support and mutual respect.The results are consistent with literature that underlines how burned-out teachers experience more difficult and conflictive relationship with their students. Moreover, it emerges how deficiencies in relational experience could impact not only on the student-teacher relationship, but also on the quality of student-peer interactions.

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