Background: WHO shows that cataract is a major cause of avoidable blindness. The Purpose of this research is to find data related to blindness and visual impairment caused by senile cataracts. Barriers of cataract surgery in patient with senile cataract is a very favorable factor in this study. Method: Study design using cross-sectional method, data were collected from Ume Manekan Hospital November 2017. Assessment was done by clinical ophthalmologist evaluating the characteristics, type of cataract, visual acuity, and barriers to cataract surgery. Result: Total subjects in this study are 109. Prevalence of mature cataract is 55 (51%). Barriers most cataract surgery in this study is the inability of the community to pay the cost of surgery 54 (49.5%), followed by the lack of access to treatment that is 33 (30%), fearing the results of operations 15 (13.8%) and felt that treatment is not needed 7 (6.4%). The category of most vision loss in the operated eye was found in the blindness group (<3/60), 100 (91.8%) and followed by Severe Visual Impairment category (9/ 60-3 / 60) (8.2%). Conclusion: Eye health system that must be well prepared at the level of regional holder considering the number of blindness due to high enough cataracts in TTS Timor Tengah Selatan district.

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Background: Conjunctival goblet cells could be impaired and resulted in unstable tear film after small incision cataract surgery (SICS). The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of topical vitamin A on the conjunctival goblet cell density after SICS. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with pre-and postcontrol group design conducted in Bali Mandara Hospital on September 2015 until January 2016. A total of 38 patients were divided into two groups; 19 patients were given topical vitamin A and 19 patients were given placebo. Impression cytology specimen was obtained before SICS, after SICS and 4 weeks after intervention. Impression cytology was examined in Pathological Anatomy Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital. Mean density of goblet cells before and after SICS were calculated using paired t-test. The difference of before and after intervention in each group were calculated using independent t-test. Results: Mean density of conjunctival goblet cells before SICS was 15.5 ± 13.4 cells/10 HPF and after SICS was 15.7 ± 12.7 cells/10 HPF (p = 0.938). Mean difference in conjunctival goblet cells density before and after SICS in the intervention group was 0.2 ± 11.7 cells/10 HPF and in the control group was -10.2 ± 8.1 cells/10 HPF (p = 0.003). The mean difference between the two groups was 10.4 ± 3.2 cells/10 HPF. Conclusions:The mean difference of conjunctival goblet cells density between two groups after intervention was found to be statistically significant. Keywords: SICS, impression cytology, topical vitamin A.Cite This Article: Handayani, A., Widhiastuti, E., Susila, N., Ekawati, N., Widiana, I., Kusumadjaja, M., Triningrat, A. 2016. Effects of topical vitamin A on conjunctival goblet cell density after small incision cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected patient who accompanied by syphilis often difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat. The aim is to diagnostics understanding and to optimise the management and response therapy in patients with neuroretinitis syphilis in HIV-infected patients. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-years old, bisexual, male patient whose initial presentation was a blurry vision on the left eye. History of a painless genital lesion, HIV infection (+) on ARV therapy. The visual acuity of hand movement (HM), RAPD (+), with vitreous opacities and optic disc swelling. The OCT RNFL showed neural layer thickening in all areas. VEP showed increased P100 latency, normal head and orbital CT scan. High VDRL and TPHA titer. Lumbar puncture examination showed non-reactive VDRL. Treated with topical prednisolone eye drops, oral neurotropic vitamin, and intramuscular injection of Benzathine Penicillin G. Diagnosed with OS neuroretinitis et causa syphilis infection, HIV stage II on HAART. Follow up in 2 months, the visual acuity improved, and serology post-therapy VDRL was decreased. CONCLUSION: High accuracy is needed for screening signs and symptoms in syphilis patients because of the varied clinical manifestations. Ocular syphilis manifestation in HIV has a higher risk for neurologic complications and the risk of failing treatment with the standard regimen.

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