Background: WHO shows that cataract is a major cause of avoidable blindness. The Purpose of this research is to find data related to blindness and visual impairment caused by senile cataracts. Barriers of cataract surgery in patient with senile cataract is a very favorable factor in this study. Method: Study design using cross-sectional method, data were collected from Ume Manekan Hospital November 2017. Assessment was done by clinical ophthalmologist evaluating the characteristics, type of cataract, visual acuity, and barriers to cataract surgery. Result: Total subjects in this study are 109. Prevalence of mature cataract is 55 (51%). Barriers most cataract surgery in this study is the inability of the community to pay the cost of surgery 54 (49.5%), followed by the lack of access to treatment that is 33 (30%), fearing the results of operations 15 (13.8%) and felt that treatment is not needed 7 (6.4%). The category of most vision loss in the operated eye was found in the blindness group (<3/60), 100 (91.8%) and followed by Severe Visual Impairment category (9/ 60-3 / 60) (8.2%). Conclusion: Eye health system that must be well prepared at the level of regional holder considering the number of blindness due to high enough cataracts in TTS Timor Tengah Selatan district.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of blindness in neonates worldwide. The incidence of preterm birth in live-born infants in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2007 was 20.22%, and 71% of preterm babies have repaired retinopathy of prematurity.Aim: This literature review aims to determine the effects of inflammatory factors on the formation of retinopathy of prematurity, such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1, COX-2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α).Conclusion: Hopefully, the information would help construct a more comprehensive approach toward patients with ROP.Â

Introduction: The primary treatment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is vitrectomy; however, direct intervention to the dense proliferative fibrovascular membrane may lead to massive hemorrhage obscuring the surgery process. Purpose: to review the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an adjuvant therapy before pars plana vitrectomy in PDR cases. Review: Anti-VEGF has been proposed as an adjuvant preceding the vitrectomy to lower intraoperative and post-operative complications. On the other hand, it could increase fibrosis which triggers tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in PDR cases. Conclusion: Intervals of five to ten days are considered the most ideal between anti-VEGF injection and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery in which the adjuvant therapy has made neovascularization regression and before the occurrence of fibrovascular contractions.

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children is rare, accounting for less than ten percent of all rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. While the majority of retinal detachments in the adult population are associated with posterior vitreous detachments, pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are often associated with trauma or an underlying congenital abnormality, although in some cases they are associated with idiopathic conditions. Case Description: A 16-year-old male patient complained about blurry vision in the right eye in the last 6 months and in the left eye in the last 5 months. Ophthalmology examination in the right eye found an inferior retinal detachment (+) at 3-9 o’clock, multiple breaks at 7-9 hours, PVR grade C, subretinal fibrosis (+), traction (+), macula off, RM (-). Meanwhile, ophthalmology examination in the left eye found an inferior retinal detachment in the left eye (+) at 3-9 o’clock, break at 5 o'clock, PVR grade C, traction (+), RM (+). The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy in both eyes and the patient experienced an increase in visual acuity after surgery on both eyes. Conclusion: This case describes a healthy adolescent male with bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to spontaneous non-traumatic retinal dialysis. The Pars Plana Vitrectomy (VPP) technique that used in this case could give high final reattachment rate and relatively good functional outcomes. VPP also has the intraocular ability to manipulate tissues and reduce immediate vitreous traction.   Latar Belakang: Ablasio retina rhegmatogenous pada anak-anak jarang terjadi, terhitung kurang dari sepuluh persen dari semua ablasio retina rhegmatogen. Sementara sebagian besar ablasio retina pada populasi orang dewasa terkait dengan ablasio vitreous posterior, ablasio retina hegmatogen pediatrik sering kali berhubungan dengan trauma atau kelainan kongenital yang mendasari, walaupun pada beberapa kasus didapatkan dengan kondisi idiopatik. Laporan Kasus: Pasien laki-laki berusia 16 tahun mengeluhkan penurunan pengelihatan pada mata kanan sejak 6 bulan sebelumnya dan pada mata kiri 5 bulan sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan oftalmologi didapatkan AAR di mata kanan dengan retinal detachment (+) di inferior pada jam 3-9, multiple break pada jam 7-9, PVR grade C, fibrosis subretina (+), traksi (+), macula off, RM (-). Pemeriksaan pada mata kiri didapatkan retinal detachment di mata kiri (+) di inferior pada jam 3-9, break pada jam 5, PVR grade C, traksi (+), RM (+). Pasien menjalani vitrektomi pars plana pada kedua mata dan pasien mengalami peningkatan tajam penglihatan setelah dilakukan tindakan operasi pada kedua mata. Kesimpulan: Kasus ini menjelaskan remaja laki-laki sehat dengan bilateral ablasio retina rhegmatogen sekunder akibat retinal spontan non-trauma dialisis. Teknik Vitrektomi Pars Plana (VPP) digunakan pada kasus ini dan mampu memberikan tingkat attachment akhir yang tinggi dan hasil fungsional yang relatif baik serta kemampuan intraokular untuk memanipulasi jaringan dan mengurangi traksi vitreous secara langsung.