Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of biochar dose from urban waste and the concentration of eco-enzymes and their interactions on the growth and yield of shallots. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture,Warmadewa University with an altitude of 25 m above sea level, and took place from April to June 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design method consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of biochar with 4 levels (0; 5; 10; and 15 tons ha-1), while the second factor is the concentration of eco-enzyme which consists of 4 treatment levels (0; 7.5; 15.0; and 22.5 ml l-1). The results showed that the interaction between the dose of biochar and the concentration of eco-enzyme had a significant effect on the fresh weight of the stover per clump and had a very significant effect on the dry weight of the stover per clump, but had no significant effect on other variables. The treatment dose of biochar and eco-enzyme had a very significant effect on all observed variables. The results showed that the biochar and eco-enzyme treatments had a very significant effect on all observed variables. The application of biochar and eco-enzyme has a very significant effect on all observed variables. The provision of biochar treatment from urban waste was able to increase the fresh weight of tubers in the 15-ton ha-1 treatment, which was an increase of 39.40% compared to without biochar, while the highest fresh fruit weight was obtained in the eco-enzyme treatment of 22.5 ml l-1, which increased by 29.77% compared without eco-enzyme. Keywords:  Biochar; urban waste; eco-enzyme; shallots

No abstract

This research is entitled to increase the production and quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers through the application of biological agents, with the aim of knowing the dosage of Trichoderma sp. and the concentration of Beauveria bassiana and its interaction on chrysanthemum cut flowers. The research method used factorial randomized block design in the field in a green house. This study uses two factors, namely: the first factor, the dose of Trichoderma sp consists of 3 levels each: 0.25 tonnes ha.-1 , 0.50 ton ha-1, and 0.75 ton ha-1. The second factor of Beauveria bassiana consists of 3 levels, namely: 15 g/l, 30 g/l , and 45 g/l. The results showed the interaction between the doses of Trichoderma sp. and the concentration of Beauveria bassiana had no significant effect on all observed variables. Treatment of Trichoderma sp. very significant effect (P <0.01) on all observed variables. The highest economic weight of fresh flowers and the lowest intensity of pest attack occurred in the treatment dose of Trichoderma sp 1.0 ton ha-1that isamounting to 85.97 g and 25.19% when compared to the lowest treatment. The treatment of Beauveria bassiana concentration had a significant effect (P <0.05) on all observed variables, had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the maximum plant height and flower stalk height. Treatment concentration of Beauveria bassiana 45 g / l produce the highest economic weight of fresh flowers and the lowest intensity of disease attack of 79.55 g and 42.08% when compared to the lowest treatment.

No abstract

Abstract. Although Trichoderma spp has been widely used in the SRI technique of rice cultivation the sources of Trichoderma that can adapt well to the local environment have been an interesting issue for quite some time.  It is commonly agreed that the local Trichoderma is much more preferred to be used for rice cultivation. In the present study, the Trichoderma from the soil of a rice field in Sukawati District,  Bali where conventional fertilizer and pesticide has been applied for a very long time was isolated.  After macroscopic observations (green color and sweet coconut smell ) the single isolated fungi have very much resembled Trichoderma Harzianum. 2 mL of the Trichoderma Harzianum solution was introduced in a plastic container containing 200 g half-boiled rice. After seven days the rice in the plastic appeared green. This sample will be used to produce more T. Harzianum for rice cultivation. One of the T.Harzianum treated rice hosts was coated with gold and subjected to SEM observation. Very high populated T. Harzianum fungi were observed. It was  dominated by hyphae. No conidia and conidiophores were spotted. Instead, quite a high density of spherical and oval shape spores was observed. Such a high density of T.Harzianum will certainly meet the requirement for an efficient application in the cultivation field. It would also be interesting to see the interaction between such a highly populated T.Harzianum  with other fungi or pathogens in understanding the role of Trichoderma as an antipathogen