Tourism is influenced by a wide range of factors and forces including exogenous ones that have no direct link to the tourism industry. Terrorism and natural disasters are two examples of such factors. Individuals, organizations and culture, all are affected by them. This study analyzes the impact of natural disasters and terrorism on tourism growth by using a panel data for the period 1995-2019 collected from a variety of sources. Tourism is the dependent variable whereas natural disasters, terrorism are independent and economic growth, tourism employment, tourism investment and alcohol consumption are the control variables of the study. This study used pooled mean group and robust least square estimation. The findings show that natural disasters and terrorism have varying degrees of impact on tourism growth. While there is a positive outcome in some situations, the overall influence is negative. Findings of the study suggest that understanding the relationship between natural disasters, terrorism, and tourism is beneficial to destination operators who are responsible for rehabilitation, restoration, and promotion.

Most of the existing literature uses energy consumption to verify the effect of energy use on environmental degradation, but they fail to explore it. To achieve the revealed gap, the present study insists on the impact of the nonrenewable and renewable energy consumptions, financial development, trade liberalization & income on carbon dioxide (CO2) by using the environmental Kuznets curve theory. This study used Pakistan’s time series data for the time period of 1990 to 2018. This study used two famous unit root tests which are the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) test. Results confirm that RENERG has stationary at the level and NRENERG, CO2, GDP, GDP2, FINDEV, and TRD become stationary at first difference. Furthermore, ARDL bound test is used to analyze the model, the bound test indicates that there exists co-integration in the model and ARDL estimates the short and long-run estimates of the equation. The rise in renewable energy consumptions, economic developments, and trade openness reduces emanation of the carbon whereas the increase in renewable-energy consumption hints at carbon releases it also validates the EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. The study concludes that Pakistan’s government and regulatory authorities should initiate the programs by which they are aware of the public and citizens about the adoption of renewable energies and environmental protection levels.

Symphysis is an anatomical part of mandible that includes lower incisors and anterior chin. Mandibular symphysis is a contributing factor of facial harmony for esthetics and is a determinant for lower incisor position in orthodontic treatment planning for border line cases. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Orthodontics department, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore on a sample size of 90 cases using 95% confidence level. Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Symphyseal dimensions were measured on lateral cephalogram. Data collected was entered and analyzed in computer program SPSS version 20. Quantitative outcomes like symphysis dimensions, symphysis width, vertical pattern, and ANB were subjected to ANOVA of significance. Independent T-test was used to make the comparison between males and females on the basis of variables. Results of this study suggested thatC-C’ varies significantly between males and females, whereas the differences in symphysis width LA, and LP between males & females are statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Bone anterior to lower incisor apex varies significantly among various facial profiles with hypo divergent males exhibiting wider chin than normo divergent and hyper divergent subjects. Sexual dimorphism in symphysis width was seen among genders. Keywords: Facial harmony, lower incisor position

Recently, carbon (CO2) emissions have become a global problem that needs attention from researchers and regulators. Therefore, the current study examines the impact of green energy on CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries. The current study has used energy import as the control variable. The present research has used secondary data collected from “world development indicators” (WDI) from 2001 to 2018. The current article has used the fixed-effect model (FEM) to test the linkage among constructs. The results revealed that green energy and energy import are negatively associated with CO2 emission. The study provides help to the policymakers while formulating policies related to controlling CO2 emissions.