Introduction: Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of the current study was to assess the preliminary effects of Coffea arabica (CA) in experimentally-induced stroke in an animal model in the context of neuroprotection. The study was also designed to document the prophylactic use of CA in patients experiencing stroke symptoms. Methods: A total of 25 male albino rats, 12 months of age, were purchased from the local market. They were acclimatized for seven days and divided into 5 groups. Each group consists of 5 subjects. Each subject was trained on a specific test for behavioral assessment. Behavioral modulation of each rat was performed using four tests, namely cylinder test, staircase test, forelimb flexion test, and pasta test. All the tests were performed as per standard criteria at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 14th day of drug administration. The subjects were administered with caffeine (2.4 mg/kg) and CA (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg extract) doses for 14 days to assess the prophylactic use of CA. After 14 days of treatment, rats were subject to ischemic stroke induction using the middle cerebral artery ligation method. All four tests used for behavior modulation were applied at 24, 48, and 72 hours intervals of postsurgery. The subjects were further sacrificed for histopathological investigations. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (V. 22) software using one-way ANOVA. Results: Our findings suggest that treatment with CA, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally, decreases the infarct volume. However, there are not many considerable differences that were found in both doses. Histopathological investigations revealed characteristic structural changes occurring in both gray and white brain regions, depending on the severity, location, and duration of the ischemic stroke. Conclusion: CA is a harmless and active mediator in the dissolution of blood clots and the recovery of stroke in rats. It is an agent that has been found to be efficient for brain activity with few side effects and behavioral modifications.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of Typhidot test against blood culture to diagnose Enteric Fever. Design of Study: Cross-sectional study Place and Period of study: Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital from August 2019 to Jan 2020. Material and Method: A total number of 89 cases who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria with signs & symptoms of Enteric fever. Results: There were 40 (44.9%) males and 49 (55.1%) females. 60 (67.4%) patients had positive Typhidot test while 69 (77.5%) showed positive blood culture. The typhidot showed sensitivity of 68.1%, specificity of 35%, PPV (Postive Predictive value) of 78.3%, NPV (Negtive Predictive value) of 24.1% and diagnostic accuracy of 60.7% against culture (gold standard). Conclusion: The study concludes that sensitivity & specificity of Typhidot test is less as compare to blood culture in diagnosing Enteric fever. Keyword: Typhoid Test, Enteric fever, Blood culture, Typhidot Test, Diagnostic accuracy

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