Objectives: Hemoglobin & red blood cell indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width) among adolescent. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study (Descriptive). Setting: Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University (BMU) Karachi. Period: 6 months from February to August 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 500 students of MBBS, BDS, DPT with having age ranges from 18-25 years were enrolled in this study. The anthropometric measurement [height (m2) and weight (kg)] was recorded for calculation of the Body Mass Index and Complete blood count i-e Hemoglobin (Hb%), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Red cell distribution width (RDW) was done and calculated. Data analysis was done on Microsoft excel & SPSS version 22.0 was used. Results: It was seen that the comparison of Hb%, MCV & RDW had no significant (p>0.001) association of study participants to different categories of Body Mass Index. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (X²=28.278, p<0.001) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (X²=15.659, p=0.016) were statistically significantly association with different categories of Body Mass Index. Conclusion: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration had statistically significant (p<0.001) association with body mass index (BMI).
Objective: To assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C among those patients who had tuberculosis in local community of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design:Survey-based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & health Sciences Jamshoro from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and eighty nine confirmed cases of tuberculosis patients were enrolled. The patients were further analyzed to assess either HBV, HCV or both are present or absent. Results: Three hundred and forty one (57.8%) were males and 248 (42.1%) were females. The majority of participants were in the age group of 45-54 years 147 (24.9%).The residence detail showed that 167 (28.3%) belonged to urban areas. Further 143 (24.2%) had sickness history of 2-6 months, 239 (40.5%) had history of 6-12 months, The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among tuberculosis patients showed, 17.8% (n=105) with Hepatitis B, 26.3% (n=155) were diagnosed with hepatitis C, 15.7% (n=93) had Both Hepatitis B and C, however 236 (40.0%) had no history with hepatitis. Hepatitis C was most frequently found age of above 54 years, 55 (9.3%). Conclusion:The control of tuberculosis has remained one of the greatest goals globally till date, the higher risk of liver complications, along with the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Although the complications of Tuberculosis patients remain unsolved yet the possible efforts can be made to identify the earlier problems for the clinical prospective and a complete follow up of the records can optimize the management of Tuberculosis in co-existing conditions of hepatitis B and C. Key Words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Liver diseases
In recent years academic faculty jobs have undergone significant changes from being low demanding and highly satisfying to stressful and challenging. The ongoing challenge of COVID-19 has intensified the teaching and research challenge of placing academicians' well-being at stake. The current study explores a personality antecedent (self-efficacy) and a contextual antecedent (job social support) of academic faculty subjective well-being measured as job satisfaction and overall satisfaction with life. Data collected from 326 public and private sector faculty was subjected to measurement and structural model analysis using SMART-PLS 3. Hypothesis testing for direct effect revealed that self-efficacy and supervisor social support are significantly related to life satisfaction. Coworker support and supervisor social support are significantly associated with job satisfaction. The moderation analysis revealed that supervisor support positively moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and subjective evaluation of well-being. In contrast, coworker support negatively moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and subjective well-being. The results revealed that although supervisor support is an important determinant of how self-efficacy leads to higher well-being among academicians, a high level of coworker support may negatively affect individuals with high self-efficacy. The study highlights the importance of matching personality with the job's situational factors to improve faculty's well-being.
Objective: To determine the accuracy of Typhidot test against blood culture to diagnose Enteric Fever. Design of Study: Cross-sectional study Place and Period of study: Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital from August 2019 to Jan 2020. Material and Method: A total number of 89 cases who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria with signs & symptoms of Enteric fever. Results: There were 40 (44.9%) males and 49 (55.1%) females. 60 (67.4%) patients had positive Typhidot test while 69 (77.5%) showed positive blood culture. The typhidot showed sensitivity of 68.1%, specificity of 35%, PPV (Postive Predictive value) of 78.3%, NPV (Negtive Predictive value) of 24.1% and diagnostic accuracy of 60.7% against culture (gold standard). Conclusion: The study concludes that sensitivity & specificity of Typhidot test is less as compare to blood culture in diagnosing Enteric fever. Keyword: Typhoid Test, Enteric fever, Blood culture, Typhidot Test, Diagnostic accuracy
Aims: As no data is available in Pakistan so the aim of current study is to find out the link of multiple risk factors with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Pakistan. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi and Polyclinic Hospital Islamabad from November 2018 to April 2019. Methodology: Subjects were investigated on the basis of an in depth Performa. For data analysis Statistical package for social sciences version-20 was used. Beside this, height in cm, weight in kg and blood pressure in mmHg were recorded. All the statistical calculations were performed by using SPSS 20. For association analysis of qualitative variables Spearman bivariate correlation was calculated while for numerical variables ANOVA was applied. Multinomial logistic regression model was used and the odd ratio and relative risk were calculated. Results: Among cases 91.34% were having spontaneous miscarriage and majority (64.86%) were during first trimester. Spearman bivariate correlation reported a strong association of recurrent pregnancy loss with the risk factors including family history, smoking, obesity, history of hypertension and history of diabetes, having highly significant p-values, on the hand, significant association of maternal age with the frequency of recurrent pregnancy loss was found but not with the paternal age and parity. The multinomial logistic regression model showed that smokers were19.012 times more prone to develop recurrent pregnancy loss. Conclusion: The multiple risk factors including maternal age, obesity, smoking, family history, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes have a strong association with the recurrent pregnancy loss. So keeping these risk factors in mind a careful evaluation of each pregnancy is necessary to reduce the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.
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