This study examines the presence of herding behaviour in the forex market of Pakistan. By analysing the daily returns of the top six traded currencies from January 2015 to December 2019, the current research  explores the behaviour of investors towards investment in currencies. Data is analysed using the model proposed by Chang et al. (2000). Results of estimation techniques provide evidence of herd behaviour among investors. Findings suggest that investors do not rely on their own decision-making; rather they follow the patterns of others. Furthermore, this imitating behaviour in same in up and down market events. Findings of this study provide significant insights for future researchers about decision-making of investors in forex market.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight those factors which involve elite class criminals in corporate financial crimes. This research implies the fact that the study of criminal behavior is pivotal for finding out the reasons behind such crimes. Design/methodology/approach By describing theories of criminology, researchers assess the nature of financial criminals in Pakistan from a theoretical perspective. Findings Elite-class people commit crimes upon perceiving high benefits and less punishment. Moreover, the social environment contributes greatly to inducing criminal behavior. Research limitations/implications Explanation of criminal behaviors provided in the study will be helpful in providing directions for the prevention of such criminal actions in the future. Originality/value This research examines the criminal behavior of elite class crimes from the theoretical perspective which will be significant in the prevention of such behaviors.

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