Smart devices in various application areas are becoming increasingly prevalent for efficient handling of multiple critical activities. One such area of interest is high-security militarized environments. Due to military zones’ harsh and unpredictable nature, monitoring devices deployed in such environments must operate without power interruption for extended time periods. Therefore, it is essential to choose an appropriate application design for operating these “things” in the internet of things (IoT) environment such that energy can be conserved throughout the operating span of an application. This paper presents two application modules and analyzes their performance in terms of energy conservation considering a military-based IoT-Fog architecture. The two modules are: A sequential application module, and a master-worker application module. Experimental results show that the master-worker module incurs lower energy consumption and communication overhead than the sequential application module. Significantly, the master-worker module exhibits a lower delay in tuple execution by almost four milliseconds while also accounting for lower simulation time and higher network utilization. The module achieves significant savings in energy consumption, making it more effective in handling smart devices.

Cyberization gives rise to divergence of cyberspace concepts--cyberspaces to general cyberspace; cybermatics to cyberSciTech; cyber-enabled worlds to cyber-physical-social-thinking hyperspace etc. That is, Cyberspace perception and conceptualization have become more complex with time, due to scalability and as new terms and ideas are added, leading to continues proliferation creating a need for solid characterization. Existing theories are reach and therefore articulated to better understand the physical social thinking hyperspace notion of cyberspace. This paper presents a meaningful inter-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multi-disciplinary integration of cyber philosophy, cyber science, and cyber information to present theoretic perspectives on cyberspace--Formal cyberspace. Three main aspects ontology, topological dynamics, and information respectively considered in terms of philosophy, theory in network science, and information theory to define existence of cyberspatial entity.

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PurposeThis paper aims to establish a theoretic framework to provide a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects, their existence and their identification scheme while providing a connection between cyber-enabled spaces and cyberspace. It develops an avenue to quantify general philosophical and theoretical questions, precisely, inherently spatial basis that produces an unprecedented space–time continuum, in which cyber-enabled relations evolve.Design/methodology/approachMultidisciplinary theoretical approaches are needed to describe complex systems, which in this paper are integrated in a quest for the principles underlying the structural organization and dynamics of cyberspace. A theoretic framework is presented, and the spatial conception of cyber-enabled physical, social, information and thinking spaces and entities existence are provided.FindingsWith spatial objects and spatial properties, cyberspace is inherently spatial. Its basic constructs are founded on its spatial qualities and producing radical space–time compression, cyber-enabled spaces in which dynamic relations develop and thrive. The cyberspatial object operations are primarily built on foundations that depend on physical space and other spatial metaphors. Information space, basically missing in the literature, is an important part of cyberspace.Research limitations/implicationsThis work suggested a novel analytical approach to describing cyberspace from broader perspectives and fields. Due to the novelty and divergence of cyber concepts, an interdisciplinary study and methodology are needed. Thus, more research toward theoretical direction could help many of the practical implementations of concepts.Practical implicationsThe research is of particular significance in cyberspatial mechanics to describe the dynamics and behavior of cyber physical systems. For example, object-based analysis functions like spatial query, node pattern analysis, cluster analysis, spatial similarity analysis and location modeling.Originality/valueComplementing the existing literature and defining information space to the research sphere, a theoretical framework providing a fundamental understanding of cyberspatial objects and the general cyberspace foundation has been proposed, resulting in a formalized concept of existence, interactions and applications and services, with respect to philosophy, science and technology, respectively.