Background: Infection of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is characterized by the induction of a number of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α, involved in Hp-related gastric inflammation. The functions of members of the IL-17 cytokine family, other than IL-17A, in Hp infection remain understudied. The aim of our study was to assess the association between the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17F and Hp infection in a sample of Iraqi patients. Methods and Results: This study included 50 Iraqi patients (18 males and 32 females; a mean age of 36±1.74 years) infected with Hp. The healthy control group consisted of 16 subjects (3 males and 13 females), with a mean age of 31±2.44 years. For the qualitative detection of antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA) against Hp in the serum, we used the OnSite H. pylori Ab Combo Rapid Test (CTK Biotech). ELISA was used to detect levels of human IL-17F in serum using ABTS ELISA Development Kit (Pepro Tech, USA). The serum level of IL-17F in patients with Hp infection was significantly higher than in the control group (238.9±7.64 pg/mL vs. 114.00±3.66 pg/mL, P=0.0001). However, the serum level of IL-17F in Hp patients was not significantly different between men and women (237±12.12 pg/mL and 239±9.94 pg/mL, respectively, P=0.9015). In addition, no significant difference was found between age subgroups: 240±13.18 pg/mL, 231±10.17 pg/mL, and 252±18.35 pg/mL in age subgroups of <30 years, 30-45 years, and >45 years, respectively, (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients infected with Hp were characterized by higher serum levels of IL-17F than non-Hp subjects. IL-17F plays an important role in the inflammatory response to Hp infection in a sample of Iraqi patients.

Around the world, candidemia is becoming more common. In the past thirty years, a number of factors, including the AIDS epidemic, an increase in the number of patients receiving immune-suppressive therapy for transplantation, and an increase in the use of antibiotics in hospital settings and even in the community, have changed the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in general and candidemia in particular. Usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics, cancer treatment, Candida species colonization of mucosal surfaces and broad-spectrum use antifungal. Five species of the Candida genus are in charge of causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. The key to managing candidemia episodes is early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection every place in the urinary tract that may be in the urethra, bladder, or kidneys by microbes. Greatest UTIs are affected by bacteria, but some are affected by fungi and, in rare cases, by viruses. UTI is the most significant common infection in humans. This study deals with the prevalence of antibodies in UTI patients; this study aims to determine the level of antibodies in UTI patients and compare with healthy controls by using the radial immunodiffusion (RID) test. The study was done during the period November 2019 to April 2020 on UTI Iraqi patients. The study included 40 patients and 20 healthy controls. Results show UTI infection occurs in females more than males also; the mean age is 40 years. All the patients with UTI showed decreased IgM serum levels and increased IgG compared with the control group. IgG, IgG, and IgM showed high significance between two UTI patients and the control group groups, while IgM doesn’t show significant differences between study groups.