Introduction Leclercia adecarboxylata is a ubiquitous aerobic, motile, gram-negative bacilli. The human gastro-intestinal tract is known to harbor this rarely opportunistic microorganism. We describe a rare case of invasive infection with a gastrointestinal starting point due to L. adecarboxylata in a patient with Hirschsprung disease. Case report It is about a newborn female who was admitted on the 3rd day of life to the neonatal intensive care unit for intestinal obstruction. On the 9th day of life, while managing the neonatal obstruction, the patient developed febrile peaks. Cytobacteriological examination of cerebrospinal fluid, blood cultures and culture of umbilical vein catheter allowed the exclusive isolation of Leclercia adecarboxylata . It was producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase and was treated with intravenous imipenem . After favourable evolution, the patient was transferred to the pediatric surgery department. There, she was diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Discussion Knowledge of the route of transmission of L. adecarboxylata is limited and the possible source of the infection is unclear. However, the authors describe three hypotheses of contamination of our propositus. In our patient, one or more of these routes of contamination would be possible. Indeed, bacteremia could occur as a result of a bacterial translocation across the mucosal barrier of the colon altered by Hirschsprung disease, antibiotic use and feeding practices. Conclusion Infection with L. adecarboxylata revealed a wide range of infection. It has only recently been acknowledged as an emerging pathogen. Further studies of the pathogenesis and risk factors are required.

Background. Biobanks are highly organized infrastructures that allow the storage of human biological specimens associated with donors’ personal and clinical data. These infrastructures play a key role in the development of translational medical research. In this context, we launched, in November 2015, the first biobank in Morocco (BRO Biobank) in order to promote biomedical research and provide opportunities to include Moroccan and North African ethnic groups in international biomedical studies. Here, we present the setup and the sample characteristics of BRO Biobank. Methods. Patients were recruited at several departments of two major health-care centers in the city of Oujda. Healthy donors were enrolled during blood donation campaigns all over Eastern Morocco. From each participant, personal, clinical, and biomedical data were collected, and several biospecimens were stored. Standard operating procedures have been established in accordance with international guidelines on human biobanks. Results. Between November 2015 and July 2020, 2446 participants were recruited into the BRO Biobank, of whom 2013 were healthy donors, and 433 were patients. For healthy donors, the median age was 35 years with a range between 18 and 65 years and the consanguinity rate was 28.96%. For patients, the median age was 11 years with a range between 1 day and 83 years. Among these patients, 55% had rare diseases (hemoglobinopathies, intellectual disabilities, disorders of sex differentiation, myopathies, etc.), 13% had lung cancer, 4% suffered from hematological neoplasms, 3% were from the kidney transplantation project, and 25% had unknown diagnoses. The BRO Biobank has collected 5092 biospecimens, including blood, white blood cells, plasma, serum, urine, frozen tissue, FFPE tissue, and nucleic acids. A sample quality control has been implemented and suggested that samples of the BRO Biobank are of high quality and therefore suitable for high-throughput nucleic acid analysis. Conclusions. The BRO Biobank is the largest sample collection in Morocco, and it is ready to provide samples to national and international research projects. Therefore, the BRO Biobank is a valuable resource for advancing translational medical research.

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La maladie de Fanconi ou l'anémie de Fanconi (AF) est une maladie génétique rare à transmission autosomique récessive. Elle est marquée par une hétérogénéité phénotypique. Certains symptômes et notamment la triade classique faite d'une petite taille, d'un syndrome malformatif varié et parfois discret et d'une insuffisance médullaire d'apparition précoce, doivent faire évoquer le diagnostic. Nous rapportons le cas d'un enfant âgé de sept ans, suivi et traité pour une luxation congénitale des hanches, qui présentait une pancytopénie avec à l'examen clinique on note un faciès dysmorphique triangulaire, une duplication du pouce droit, une surélévation de l’épaule gauche et un retard staturo-pondéral.

La varicelle est une maladie éruptive due au virus varicelle-zona qui touche essentiellement les enfants et dont l'évolution est habituellement bénigne. Cependant des complications de gravité variable peuvent être observées tel que les complications infectieuses bactériennes et les complications neurologiques. Nous rapportons deux observations de varicelle compliquée. Comme première observation, un nourrisson de 5 mois sans antécédents qui présente depuis six jours une éruption cutanée fait de vésicules et pustules, la symptomatologie s'est aggravée la veille de son admission au service par l'installation d'une détresse respiratoire. Comme deuxieme observation, une fillette de 7 ans, admise au service pour prise en charge d'une convulsion simple, et chez qui l'examen clinique a objectivé des cicatrices de varicelle généralisées et une ataxie cérébelleuse. Bien que la varicelle soit connue comme une affection virale commune, le plus souvent bénigne, plusieurs études ont récemment fait état d'une recrudescence de ses complications, qui semblent responsables de 0,2 à 1,5% des motifs d'hospitalisation des enfants atteints de varicelle.