The purpose of the study was to select an environmentally friendly plant biopesticide to protect seed potatoes against phytopathogens. The scope included the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of 22 plant water extracts, 22 water-glycol extracts, and 3 subcritical carbon dioxide extracts using the agar diffusion method against 10 potato phytopathogens. For the most effective extracts, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and in situ assays on seed potatoes were performed. Garlic water extract was finally selected as the most effective in phytopathogen growth inhibition, both in vitro and in situ, with MIC values ranging between 6.3–25 mg/mL. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural was determined to be the main component of this extract (33.24%). Garlic water extract was proposed as a potential biopesticide against potato phytopathogens.
университет 2 Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по материаловедению 3 Белорусский государственный технологический университет ВЛИЯНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ПЬЕЗОКЕРАМИК РАЗЛИЧНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯИзучены условия получения пьезокерамических материалов на основе двойной системы 0,2Pb(Nb 2/3 Zn 1/3 )O 3 -0,8Pb(Zr 0,5 Ti 0,5 )O 3 , а также бессвинцовых керамик на основе соединения (Na 0,5 Bi 0,5 ) (1-х) Сd х TiO 3 . Установлено, что использование механохимической активации позволяет снизить температуру синтеза и спекания получаемых керамик. Выявлено, что керамики двойной системы 0,2Pb(Nb 2/3 Zn 1/3 )O 3 -0,8Pb(Zr 0,5 Ti 0,5 )O 3 , легированной ионами галлия Ga 3+ и марганца Mn 2+ , имеют высокие значения пьезоэлектрических параметровэто позволит использовать их в многослойных изделиях различного назначения (например, в многослойных конденсаторах устройств телекоммуникаций, медицины и др.). Показано, что керамический бессвинцовый материал состава (Na 0,5 Bi 0,5 ) 0,91 Сd 0,09 TiO 3 может успешно применяться в датчиках и актуаторах.
the most urgent problems of today. Ensuring the environmental safety of food raw materials and food products is one of the main tasks that determine the health of the human population and the preservation of its gene pool. Analysis of recent research and publications. Toxic effects of Pb on human bodies have been confirmed by numerous clinical studies that have shown the negative effects of heavy metals on the nervous, cardiovascular, immune systems and oncology. The works is devoted to the development of detoxification techniques, in which scientists proposed to reduce the content of heavy metals in chernozems by detoxifying soils by growing battery plants on them, which will «extract» heavy metals from soils disinfecting them. The disadvantage of the proposed technologies is the economic costs borne by farmers, producers and consumers. Farmers will suffer financial losses due to idle sown areas and the cost of seed. Producers will be forced to raise prices for the final food product as a result of reduced consumer purchasing power. Formulation of the purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to determine ways to optimize lead-contaminated chernozem soils in the system «soil – plant» (on the example of chernozem soils within the test sites on the territory of the collection nursery «Agrotek» in Kyiv region). Presentation of the main research material. The article presents the results of a study of ways to optimize lead-contaminated chernozem soils in the system «soil – plant». The objects of the study were soybean and chickpea varieties of different vegetation varieties, namely: ultra-early varieties, maturation period 95… 105 days. Мedium, maturation period 100…115 days. Мedium-ripe varieties maturation period115…125 days. Early ripening varieties of chickpeas growing period 95…115 days, and medium-ripe sotu chickpeas, growing period 115…125 days. Experimental studies were conducted during 2019 – 2021 within the test sites on the territory of the collection nursery «Agrotek» in Kyiv region. The method of ion exchange and liquid chromatography on the liquid chromatograph Shimadzu LC-20 (Japan). Studied the variability of nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) in soybeans and chickpeas of different vegetation varieties. With the help of the MATLAB program, mathematical optimization was carried out and the five-year dynamics of protein, fat, and carbohydrate content in legumes grown on chernozem soils of the «Agrotek» collection nursery in the Kyiv region was determined. By the method of inversion-voltammetry with the help of voltammetric analyzer «ABA-3» (Russia) which is equipped with an indicator electrode for the determination of lead, the concentration of Pb in chernozems and soybeans and chickpeas with different protein content was studied. Concentrations of Pb in soybean and chickpea grains depending on the chemical composition of soils for cultivation were grown and studied at the test sites of the «Agrotek» collection nursery. Conclusions. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the contamination of chernozem soils Pb and subsequent processes of its translocation in the system «soil – plant» have negative consequences and are manifested in the accumulation of toxicants in plants. It is significant that the largest metal-accumulating properties have cultivated early-ripening legumes, and the smallest – medium-ripe. It was determined that the indicators of Pb concentration in the storage organs of legume assimilants are influenced to a greater extent by the protein content in them than by mobile forms of Pb, which come due to translocation from soils contaminated with Pb. It is established that with the increase of protein in the organs of plant assimilators, the indicators of accumulation of toxic concentrations of Pb increase. Given that the genetic characteristics of chernozems allow us to consider them the most environmentally friendly soils in terms of anthropogenesis, however, they deposit contaminants and, accordingly, require optimization and development of detoxification methods. It has been experimentally established that when growing legumes of different vegetation varieties on chernozems contaminated with Pb, the intensity of their detoxification to obtain environmentally friendly plant products can be distributed as follows: N180P180K180 + Pb + lime + manure > N360P360K360+ Pb > N180P180K180 + Pb + lime > N180P180K180 + Pb + manure. The obtained laws provide an opportunity to develop recommendations and propose ways to detoxify contaminated Pb soils. Which will provide an opportunity to significantly reduce budget expenditures, which is socially necessary and cost-effective.
Запись конференции РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ Сидельников Николай Иванович -директор ФГБНУ ВИЛАР, академик РАН. Мизина Прасковья Георгиевна -заместитель директора ФГБНУ ВИЛАР по научной работе, доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор. Морозов Александр Иванович -заместитель директора ФГБНУ ВИЛАР, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук. Краснов Виталий Викторович -руководитель Научноисследовательского и учебно-методического центра биомедицинских технологий, доктор биологических наук Сайбель Ольга Леонидовна -руководитель Центра химии и фармацевтической технологии, кандидат фармацевтических наук. Лупанова Ирина Александровна -руководитель Центра доклинических исследований, кандидат биологических наук. Цицилин Андрей Николаевич -заведующий лабораторией Ботанический сад, кандидат биологических наук. Крепкова Любовь Вениаминовна -заведующий отделом токсикологии, кандидат биологических наук. Семкина Ольга Александровна -заведующий научноорганизационным отделом, Ученый секретарь, кандидат фармацевтических наук Балеев Дмитрий Николаевич -заведующий лабораторией атомарно молекулярной биорегуляции и селекции, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук. Савин Павел Сергеевич -заведующий лаборатории биотехнологии, кандидат биологических наук. Фатеева Татьяна Владимировна -заведующий лабораторией микробиологических исследований. Ответственные секретари Гуленков Александр Сергеевич -и.о. председателя совета молодых учёных ФГБНУ ВИЛАР, старший научный сотрудник отдела химии природных соединений, кандидат фармацевтических наук. Борисенко Елена Валерьевна -ведущий научный сотрудник научно-организационного отдела, кандидат ветеринарных наук. Верстка сборника Гуленков Александр Сергеевич -и.о. председателя совета молодых учёных ФГБНУ ВИЛАР, старший научный сотрудник отдела химии природных соединений, кандидат фармацевтических наук. Юбилейная Международная научная конференция «90 лет -от растения до лекарственного препарата: достижения и перспективы» Сборник научных трудов, М., ФГБНУ ВИЛАР, 2021 г.
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