No abstract

3 }[Sc 2-x Lu x ](Al 3 )O 12 crystals have been grown and investigated for the first time for magneto-optical applications. Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 exhibits the best magneto-optical features; however, its incongruent melting nature has led to the industrial use of Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 . Tb 3 Sc 2 Al 3 O 12 had been proposed as an alternative to Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 , but unfortunately its growth also presents several drawbacks. The present investigation shows that by the isovalent substitution of Sc 3þ by Lu 3þ in the octahedral site of the garnet structure, it is possible to improve the growth characteristics while preserving the superior magneto-optical properties. We demonstrate that {Tb 3 }[Sc 2-x Lu x ](Al 3 )O 12 crystals show a higher visible transparency and a larger Faraday rotation than Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 crystals. {Tb 3 }[Sc 2-x Lu x ](Al 3 )O 12 is therefore a very promising material in particular for new magneto-optical applications in the visible-near IR wavelength region.

This paper aims at analyzing the determinants of leadership in innovation using a case study of the high-tech sector in the Krasnoyarsk region of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of innovation is assessed through the analysis of patent applications, granted patents and trademark applications. Our results show the degree of influence on the number of patents such factors as public R&D spending, the number of employees in the high tech industry, spending on education, the number of employees in science and technology, the level of exports. Most of the above factors can be considered as determining in the field of innovation efficiency.