This paper presents the results of the study of the difficulties and opportunities of online education. COVID19 has accelerated technological advances in higher education and has opened up a number of challenges. The solution of these problems is necessary for the effective development of key competencies of the XXI in the online format. The authors present the results of a survey of students from 28 universities of the Russian Federation about the difficulties and opportunities of the online format learning. The results of the study show a high level of respondents' dissatisfaction with the quality of online educational services. In addition, a third of the respondents note the technological personal unpreparedness for the transition of education to the online format. Regarding the possibilities of supra-professional competencies, it can be noted that the forced transition to the online learning mode contributed to the development of digital competencies and somewhat reduced the opportunities for the development of social and emotional competencies. The paper notes that there are pros and cons of online learning and the great prospects of education in a digital educational environment.

The development of digital competencies and digital literacy in the 21st century is one of the most urgent in the theory and practice of modern education. The need for an understanding of the analysis of scientific knowledge on this issue is confirmed by the high demand for digital competencies of specialists in the labor market. The paper organizes and presents publication trends in the field of human digital abilities, with an emphasis on in-depth study of topics in higher education. Reviews and analytical work were carried out using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, RSCI (eLibrary). The analysis was based on the 120 most cited publications for the period from 2000 to 2020 and this article provides a final overview of 55 articles. The results are presented in visual-graphic form. In particular, the concepts related to digital abilities used in scientific everyday life are presented in the form of a pyramid of concepts: from the basic concept of ‘digital skills’ to the broadest meaning of the concept of ‘digital literacy.’ The word cloud reflects the most frequently used words in scientific works describing human abilities in the digital sphere. The article presents a graphical visualization of the factors influencing the formation and development of digital literacy and digital competencies of university students. The results obtained will be of interest to researchers of digital literacy and digital competencies, teachers, and university leaders in the implementation of educational programs.

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